Chapter 17 Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms

1. Chapter 17Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms Geosystems 6e An Introduction to Physical Geography Robert W. Christopherson Charles E. Thomsen

3. Glacial and Periglacial Processes and Landforms • Rivers of Ice   • Glacial Processes   • Glacial Landforms   • Periglacial Landscapes   • The Pleistocene Ice Age Epoch   • Deciphering Past Climates: Paleoclimatology   • Arctic and Antarctic Regions

4. Rivers of Ice   • Alpine Glaciers   • Continental Glacier  

5. Rivers of Ice Figure 17.1

6. Vatnajökull Ice Cap Figure 17.5

7. Patagonian Ice Field Figure 17.5

8. Greenland’s East Coast Figure 17.6

9. Glacial Processes   • Formation of Glacial Ice   • Glacial Mass Balance   • Glacial Movement  

10. Retreating Alpine Glacier Figure 17.7

11. Mass Balance Figure 17.7

12. South Cascade Glacier Net Mass Balance Figure NR 17.1.1

13. Glacial Movementand Crevasses Figure 17.8

14. Crevasses Figure 17.8

15. Crevasses Figure 17.8

16. Glacial Polish Figure 17.9

17. Glacial Landforms • Erosional Landforms Created by Alpine Glaciation   • Depositional Landforms Created by Alpine Glaciation   • Erosional and Depositional Landforms Created by Continental Glaciation  

18. Alpine Glacial Landscape Figure 17.10

19. Postglacial Landscape Figure 17.10

20. Alpine Erosional Features Figure 17.11

21. Norwegian Fjord Figure 17.12

22. Alpine Depositional Features Figure 17.13

23. Continental Glacier Depositional Features Figure 17.15

24. Drumlin Swarm Figure 17.17

25. Roche Moutonnée Figure 17.16

26. Periglacial Landscapes • Geography of Permafrost   • Ground Ice and Frozen Ground Phenomena   • Humans and Periglacial Landscapes  

27. Permafrost Distribution Figure 17.18

28. Periglacial Environments Figure 17.19

29. Ice Wedge Figure 17.20

30. Pingo Figure 17.21

31. Patterned Ground Figure 17.22

32. Gelifluction Lobes Figure 17.23

33. Permafrost Melting Figure 17.24

34. The Pleistocene Ice Age Epoch  • Changes in the Landscape   • Lowered Sea Levels and Temperatures   • Paleolakes  

35. Permafrost Structures Figure 17.25

36. Temperature Record of the Past 2 Million Years Figure 17.26

37. Pleistocene Glaciation Figure 17.27

38. Pleistocene Glaciation 18,000 years ago 9500 years ago Figure 17.27

39. Evolution of the Great Lakes Figure 17.28

40. Paleolakes Sevier Dry Lake Figure 17.29

41. Deciphering Past Climates: Paleoclimatology • Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age   • Mechanisms of Climate Fluctuation  

42. Greenland Ice Core Record Figure 17.30

43. Astronomical Factors Figure 17.31

44. Present level at 480 ppm (2004) Vostok Ice Core Record Figure 17.32

45. Greenland and Dome C Ice Cores Figure FS 17.1.1 Figure FS 17.1.3

46. Arctic and Antarctic Regions Figure 17.34

47. Meltponds in Greenland Figure NR 17.3.1

48. Meltponds in Greenland Figure NR 17.3.2

49. Pine Island Glacier Figure 17.34

50. Ward Hunt Ice Shelf Breakup Figure HLC 17.1.1