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3.8 The Musculoskeletal System

3.8 The Musculoskeletal System. The Human Skeleton. 206 bones !. Structure of the Skeleton. The skeleton consists of 3 different types of connective tissue: 1. Bone – hard and dense, made of calcium and phosphorous and collagen fibres with canals containing nerves and blood vessels

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3.8 The Musculoskeletal System

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  1. 3.8 The Musculoskeletal System

  2. The Human Skeleton 206 bones !

  3. Structure of the Skeleton The skeleton consists of 3 different types of connective tissue: 1. Bone – hard and dense, made of calcium and phosphorous and collagen fibres with canals containing nerves and blood vessels 2. Ligaments – tough, elastic, long fibres of collagen holding bones at the joints 3. Cartilage –dense tissue found in the ear, nose and esophagus, and discs in the vertebrae to provide strong, flexible, low friction support for bones and other tissues

  4. Ligaments of the Knee

  5. Muscles, Muscles,Muscles

  6. About how many muscles do you think the human body has? Answer = 650

  7. How many muscles do you think are in our face and neck? Our face and neck contain about one-fourth of the muscles in our body. That is about 162 muscles.

  8. Muscles of the Human Body

  9. What are muscles made of? Muscles are made of hundreds of tiny fibers.

  10. 3 Types of muscles There are three different types of muscles in our body. • Skeletal muscles • Smooth muscles • Cardiac muscles

  11. 3 types of muscle Smooth Cardiac Skeletal

  12. Skeletal muscles: • are voluntary muscles that move bones. • are called striated because they look striped. • are attached to tendons, which are attached to bones.

  13. Skeletal Muscle

  14. Smooth Muscles: • are involuntary muscles that make up the blood vessels, stomach, intestines, and other groups. • (We can not control our smooth muscles.) • What are some example of when our smooth muscles are used? To digest food, pump blood,vomit, control bladder, and give birth

  15. Smooth Muscle

  16. Cardiac Muscle: • is a special kind of involuntary, striated (striped) muscle that makes up the heart. • The muscles in the heart contract in order to pump the blood through your body. • If your muscle stops pumping the blood, you have a heart attack!

  17. Cardiac Muscle

  18. What do muscles need? • Muscles need oxygen in order to work properly. • When they do not get enough oxygen, they can get sore or cramp up. • When the muscles in your heart do not get enough oxygen, you can have a heart attack.

  19. Are muscles dense? Yes - Muscles make up about half of your body weight.

  20. Function of Musculoskeletal system • Structure and support of the body • Hold in position • Assist in breathing • Storage of calcium and other minerals • Production of blood cells in the marrow • Protection of internal organs and the brain • Movement

  21. Youtube videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnxHh3SyRUc

  22. Smile or Frown? • It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 muscles to frown What conclusion can we make from this statement?

  23. How do muscles move our bones? Do muscles pull or push our bones? • Muscles pull in order to make our bones move. • Our muscles usually work in pairs. • One muscle contracts (pulls) while the opposite muscle relaxes

  24. How Muscles move Bones • Muscles are attached by tendons to one or more different bones of the body.

  25. Tendons Tendons are tough cords that attach muscles to bones. (Like ligaments but less elastic)

  26. When you arm is bent: • Skeletal Muscles work in opposing pairs. • When your bicep is contracted, your tricep is relaxed

  27. When your arm is straight: • Your bicep is relaxed • Your Tricep is contracted

  28. Can you feel some of your muscles? Hold a book in front of you. Where in your arm do you feel the muscles move? Move your neck from left to right and up and down. What do you feel? Move your fingers around. Where do you feel those muscles move? Put your legs out straight and bring your toes up. Do you feel the muscles in the back of your legs?

  29. What happens when we do not use our muscles? Our muscles get smaller, which makes them weak. Can you think of some examples of when this may happen?

  30. Problems with the Musculoskeletal System • Diseases e.g. Osteoporosis – loss of bone tissue making bone brittle and weak. • Physical impact and stresses

  31. Skeletal System in other animals • Vertebrates = animals with backbones • Invertebrates = no rigid frame to give the animal structure • Exoskeleton = skeleton on the outside, e.g. insects and arthropods Please answer p. 101, # 1-6

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