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PLAINS CULTURE

PLAINS CULTURE. COMANCHE APACHE KIOWA TONKAWA. THE HORSE. The horse was introduced by the Spanish in the 1500s. The Spanish horse was swift and strong, and feed off grass. The adoption of these horses made the Plains Natives outstanding hunters and dangerous foes.

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PLAINS CULTURE

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  1. PLAINS CULTURE COMANCHE APACHE KIOWA TONKAWA

  2. THE HORSE • The horse was introduced by the Spanish in the 1500s. • The Spanish horse was swift and strong, and feed off grass. • The adoption of these horses made the Plains Natives outstanding hunters and dangerous foes. • Life in the plains depended on these horses.

  3. THE BUFFALO • The Texas buffalo was a type of bison. • It could be found everywhere except the Piney Woods. • The buffalo provided the Plains Natives with everything they needed: tools, food, clothing, utensils, and homes. • In 1850 there were still 20 million buffalo living on the plains. The Plains Natives way of life was ended by the slaughter of millions of buffalo in the late 1800s.

  4. COMANCHE • Originally the Comanche were a ragtag nomadic tribe that wandered into Texas in the 1700s. • Their language is related to the languages of the northern Rockies and the Aztec. • Their land was the Comancheria. • They were the greatest horse thieves of all the Natives.

  5. COMANCHE • The Comanche were made up of many groups each with their own leader and council. • They were the best horsemen of the Plains, and copied much from the way the Spanish rode. They copied bridle, saddle, and even mounting, but created a thong which allowed them to ride and fight from the side of the horse.

  6. COMANCHE • Life centered on hunting and war. • Comanche killed bear for the fat, deer for thehide, but real men hunted buffalo. They looked down on small game. • They divided their territory between the bands and tribes for the purpose of hunting the buffalo.

  7. COMANCHE • They fought to keep their land which covered the high plains and all the plateaus of west Texas. • They took they enemies captive, stole their horses, and anything else they found useable. • When they couldn’t steal their horses they captured the wild mustangs from the plains. • They fought until 1875, and were the last tribe in Texas to be put on the reservation in Oklahoma.

  8. THE APACHE • Apache is a language related to the language of northwest Canada and Alaska. • By the year 1700, several Apache groups had entered Texas. • The Mescalero Apache live in the mountains from New Mexico to West Texas. • The Lipans live in the hill country and went as far as the Red river.

  9. THE APACHE • The Lipan fought with the Spanish in the south. • Their real problem were the Comanche, and it was a challenge to deal with them. • The Lipan eventually moved west to the mountains and joined with the Mescalero. • They were put on a reservation in New Mexico.

  10. KIOWA • They were allies of the Comanche. Since they were surrounded by them it isn’t a surprise. • They were nomadic and moved quickly and often. • Due to their nomadic lifestyle, they lived in tepees made of tanned hides. These were easy to move. The entrance always faced east.

  11. KIOWA • We know about the Kiowa from the buffalo hide histories. They recorded all their customs and traditions in these histories. • All males were members of the warrior society. • The annual Sun Dance was held in June after the appoint man had his dream. It was a week long celebration for happiness, plentiful buffalo, and victory in war.

  12. TONKAWA • They could be found on the southeastern edge of the Edwards Plateau in the area of present day Austin. • Some Tonkawa could be found south on the coastal plains, or along the river bottoms to the east. • They depended on the buffalo, so they hunted on the western plains.

  13. TONKAWA • Hunting on the western plains was dangerous for the them because of the Apache and Comanche. • They hunted deer, rabbit, turtle, and snakes to survive. • They were never a large group, and were always in conflict, but they still managed to survive.

  14. The Plains Culture Guiding Question How were the people of the Plains culture similar and different?

  15. The Plains Culture • Main Ideas • The people of the Plains culture area lived in tepees and moved from place to place. • While the Jumano, Apache, Comanche, and Kiowa were all nomadic hunters, they each had unique cultures.

  16. The Plains Culture Reading Progress Check How did the Jumano differ from the other people of the Plains?

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