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Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development. Origin of Theory. Erikson studied Freud’s Psychoanalysis Theory under Freud’s daughter, Anna Expansion of Freud’s concept of ego Only developmental theory that extends through adulthood

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Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

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  1. Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

  2. Origin of Theory • Erikson studied Freud’s Psychoanalysis Theory under Freud’s daughter, Anna • Expansion of Freud’s concept of ego • Only developmental theory that extends through adulthood Sources: London, Ladewig, Ball, Bindler, & Cowen, 2011 McEwen & Wills, 2007

  3. Theory Overview • Eight stages of psychosocial development with an identified challenge to be mastered • As each challenge is mastered strengths are gained contributing to character and health • Development is primarily qualitative - occurring in stages • Also quantitative because one’s identity becomes stronger with mastery of challenges • Nature determines the sequence of stages • Must pass through one stage prior to entering next stage Sources: Sharkey, 1997 Tomey-Marriner, 1989

  4. Erikson’s Eight Stages of Psychosocial Development Stage (Age) Crisis Trust vs.. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority Ego Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Self-absorption Integrity vs. Despair Source: Boeree, 2006 • I Infancy (0-1 ) • II Toddler (2-3) • III Preschooler (3-6) • IV School-age (7-12) • V Adolescence (12-18) • VI Young Adult (20’s) • VII Middle Adult (up to 50) • VIII Old Adult (≥ 50)

  5. Application to Nursing Practice • Directly applicable to nursing care of children • Health promotion & maintenance visits help caregivers meet child’s needs • Educate parents to identify normal tasks • Educate parents to encourage healthy development • Provides framework to assess hospitalized child & provide care to ensure progression through the developmental stages Source: London, et al., 2011

  6. Application to Nursing Practice • Integral to holistic nursing • Essential in assessmentto determine age appropriateness or arrested development of patients • Results of ego strengths evaluation used by nurses for assessment and treatment outcomes • Ego strengths used by nurses to empower patients to take control of their lives Source: McEwen & Wills, 2007

  7. Application to Research Research studies were conducted in the following areas: • Impact of diabetes on the development of psychosocial maturity and the older adult • How school age children deal with disaster • Self-care practices of adolescents • Concept of generativity in middle-aged women attending graduate school Source: McEwen & Wills, 2007

  8. Application to Personal Nursing Practice • I personally use Erickson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development each time I am in the clinical area with students. A section of the assessment tool that we use is devoted to assessing the psychosocial issues of the assigned patient. I use this information to identify the patient’s strengths & weaknesses. When planning care, I capitalize on the strengths to assist the patient promote recovery/health maintenance and promotion.

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