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Domestic cogeneration

Domestic cogeneration. Henrik Weldingh DEFU a.M.B.A. Domestic cogeneration. Distributed generation Combined Heat and Power, CHP Domestic cogeneration domestic use connected to the Low-voltage (230/400 V) up to 16 A per phase ( <11 kVA) single-phased or three-phased.

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Domestic cogeneration

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  1. Domestic cogeneration Henrik Weldingh DEFU a.M.B.A

  2. Domestic cogeneration • Distributed generation • Combined Heat and Power, CHP • Domestic cogeneration • domestic use • connected to the Low-voltage (230/400 V) • up to 16 A per phase (<11 kVA) • single-phased or three-phased

  3. Domestic Cogeneration • Environmental benefits (cogeneration) • high utilisation of fuel • Benefits in production of heat more than in production of electricity (domestic) • will be thermally led • 10 kVAe 20 kWth

  4. Domestic cogeneration • Technology available • gas-engines, Stirling-engines, fuel cells etc. • Needs the economy of scale • standardisation • Key factor: Rules for the connection to the grid • must be safe and simple to connect

  5. Domestic cogeneration • Bi-directional energy flow • in contrast to the design of the network

  6. The CWA • CEN Workshop Agreement • bridge the gab between consortia and the formal process of standardisation • A CWA is developed by the workshop (participants with direct interest) • Not a standard

  7. The CWA • Recommends future good practice • Forms a sensible starting point for the standardisation process

  8. The CWA on domestic cogeneration • Initiated April 2001 • Finished December 2002 • CWA 14642 January 2003 • 28 organisations • 10 European countries • CIRED participated as a (European) organisation

  9. CIRED questionnaire • Through CIRED WG04 • 12 questions • Reply from 10 countries

  10. CIRED questionnaire • Rules in existence • no specific rules (at that time) • all kind of rules and regulations on this field • Most important technical issue: • Safety (dual supply) • Power quality (voltage quality) • flicker • steady state voltage rise

  11. CIRED questionnaire • Procedures etc. required to isolate the (distributed) generators for work on the network • rules in some countries • Specific questions on protections • specific answers

  12. The CWA on domestic cogeneration • Condition: • domestic cogeneration represents a non dominant part of the (local) power production. • Does not cover the safety for DNO personnel working upstream • Does not cover tariff questions

  13. The CWA on Domestic Cogeneration • Safety requirements • Power quality • fortification of the grid? • Operation and safety of the appliance • dual supply • Commissioning • Type-testing and type certification

  14. The CWA on domestic cogeneration • Protection system: • safety of persons • power quality • security of supply • protection of the appliance itself • Same measure may serve several purposes

  15. The CWA on domestic cogeneration • Loss-of-mains protection • fast action to protect • stay connected to avoid cascade loss of generation • Simple solutions! • National settings overrule values in the CWA

  16. The CWA on domestic cogeneration • Commissioning • the DNO must be informed but not necessary to wait for acceptance • Type-testing and type certification

  17. From CWA to EN • Process initiated in CENELEC • kick-off meeting 6th of February 2003 • WG group established • BTWG 112-2

  18. From CWA to EN • Transferred to new TC 8 • IEC TC 8 System aspects for electrical energy supply • CLC TC8x WG 2 • Meets May 21th 2003 • WG still open to experts

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