Defining and Resolving Geoethical Issues in Neuronanotechnology

1. Defining and Resolving Geoethical Issues in Neuronanotechnology Martine Rothblatt United Therapeutics Mar@unither.com

2. Some Technologies Profoundly Affect Global Consciousness Cloning Chimeras They are the ones that give rise to Geoethical Issues -- the whole world wants a say on them mar@unither.com

3. What Are the Geoethical Issues? • What is the moral or appropriate conduct when applying advanced technology to global spaces? • Imagine the world as a patient and the technologists as the medical team. • The “pollution” of technology is an unknown risk of harm. Fear of Risk Creates Opposition mar@unither.com

4. Rules Derivable from Rawlsian Procedures (Most Likely to Result in Congeniality) mar@unither.com

5. So, if Geoethics Applies to Neuronanotechnology… • Then the Geoethical conduct is that which will • Obtain population consent to it, and • Implement it to the greatest benefit of those worst off, and • Ensure independent assurance of the terms of its consent & implementation “This will cut way down on your amount of opposition.” mar@unither.com

6. Does Geoethics Apply to Neuronanotechnology? • Will the world want a say about its course of development? • Will it be perceived to create a risk of harm to global populations? • Will we care? • Not all medical impacts are bioethical • Not all global impacts are geoethical mar@unither.com

7. Perceived Risk Unites People In a Marxist Sort of Way • “Friend and foe, east and west, above and below, city and country, south and north are all exposed to the leveling pressure of the exponentially increasing risks of civilization. Risk societies are not class societies -- that is not saying enough. They contain within themselves a grass-roots developmental dynamics that destroys boundaries, through which the people are forced together in the uniform position of civilization’s self-endangering.” Ulrich Beck, The Risk Society (1992). mar@unither.com

8. How Might Neuronanotechnology Present a Risk of Global Harm?  Neuronano+ people might lift themselves above humanity  Neuronano+ might be said to degrade “human dignity” Neuronano+ creates mind-uploading & mind-downloading (mind-transference or mind-loading) mar@unither.com

9. The Geoethical Issue for Neuronano+ • Are these risks of harm, in and of themselves, harmful enough to stop the neuronano+ procedure? • Are they de minimis? • Or a Trojan Horse? • How can we know? • What is de minimis? • What is consensus? • What can we do? mar@unither.com

10. The Superiority Risk: De Minimis • First applications are therapeutic i.e., per se non-superior • Although enhancement can be closeted • From ED to CD • Cognitive neurotech would be PC-like • Available to all • Chance of species differentiation seems one-in-a-million mar@unither.com

11. Dignity measures the quality of life accorded someone. QoL  Autonomy Usually focused on commodifying the body or its parts World opinion cares about techno-caused indignity. But Neuronano+ will improve people’s QOL And doesn’t involve selling flesh or reproduction “Zombie” apps can be called 1 in a million violations of consent “Recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.” Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 12/10/48 “Everyone has a right to respect for their dignity [that] makes it imperative not to reduce individuals to their genetic characteristics ….”Universal Declaration on the Human Genome & Human Rights, 11/11/97 “[States must] prohibit all forms of human cloning inasmuch as they are incompatible with human dignity.” UN Declaration on Human Cloning, 3/8/05 (bare majority, including US, not UK) “[Medical technologies] must promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights, by ensuring respect for the life of human beings….” Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, 10/19/05 (UNESCO) The ‘Brain Piercing’ Risk: De Minimis UN Docs mar@unither.com

12. The Mind Transference Risk: Not De Minimis • Mind transference challenges life and death and autonomy • Triggers “Indignity” • Mind transference could be Trojan Horse • Cyberlife electorates • Cyberlives can’t be jailed • Cyberlives can’t be found • Cyberlives can’t be ruled mar@unither.com

13. Are Mindloads & Identity-Transference Realistic? Neuronanobot Uploads & Turing Mindware Pathways of Mindware Development ? Neuron-Res fMRI & Loving Synthespians Reverse Engineering Human Mind ? ? Fidelity Mindfiles & Chatbots Timeframe mar@unither.com

14. Select Name Select animation Inputs Select Mode Manual Walkthru Personal Parameter Password Mannerism Personality Memory Feelings Autonomous mode Direct query mode Dimension of Beingness Beliefs Attitudes Audio Email Values Secrets Video Questions Dimension of Media Note: Each dimension of beingness might, in actuality, have its own unique set of media dimensions, which would also have a subset of options. Photo Psych test PDF/scan Typed Time stamp Label Search terms Public Access limitations Cyberevs Friends Private From CyBeRev’s Beingness Data Capture Approach mar@unither.com

15. Add Reflections 4/24 – 5/31 First Test 6/1 Account Management 4/3 – 4/22 Host Website 3/6 – 4/1 Beme Dimensions Top Level Pages Beme Tools Terasem Servers: website files, data storage Network Security Website Design Registration and Login Webpage code Mannerisms Video Deposit Hardware Network encryption at server site Design web pages/code Photo Deposit Literature Voice Deposit Music Password scripts Text Deposit Video Software Foods Personality Bainbridge -- All Places Firewall Quality control Inkblot test People Terms & Condition Static IPs Things Smart scripts Upload Draft Recollections List of Favorites List of Hateds 3rd Party Servers: Databases Disclaim Friends & Family Video Backup system Autobiography Photo Voice Feelings Bainbridge -- Emot Text Virtual disk space allocation Photo Reactions Family tree Memorial Beliefs Bainbridge Belief, 2 Photo Reactions “Friends” option [Optional] Religion Video w/overlay Photo w/overlay Attitudes Bainbridge Self, 2 Voice Bainbridge YR2100 Text Photo Reactions Biometric Politics Values Bainbridge Wisdom Photo Reactions Morals Based on Bainbridge Modules mar@unither.com

16. To Advanced Game Avatars & Autonomous Agents…. To Cell-Specific Procedures & Scanning Techniques mar@unither.com

17. And In Vivo Approaches Wireless Neurobot Network Fantastic Voyage -- Bridge 3 Consciousness Streaming mar@unither.com

18. It Would Be Startling If We Couldn’t Replicate Sentience The Terasem Hypothesis: In the near future “mindware” will exist that can be “tuned” to replicate how an original person feels & behaves, to the satisfaction of outside observers who knew of, or have evidence of, the feelings & behavior of such original person. I Am What I Feel mar@unither.com

19. What Hath God Wrought • Personality, mannerisms, nature…these will be commodities like clothes or music • My experiences, my relationships, my transcendence -- these will be unique and treasured it's the mindfile mar@unither.com

20. The World Will Care About Mind Transference • If the upload is even alleged to be real, then there will be dignity issues • Because IT is involved, global spaces are at play • Geoethics is unavoidable mar@unither.com

21. Geoethical Mind Uploading & Downloading • CONSENT: A UN Declaration works • BENEFIT: Available to those dying, or at risk of dying • Everyone without a mind back-up = BENEFIT • ASSURANCE: Standards Guarded by Medical Professionals mar@unither.com

22. WHEREAS Since 1948 declarations have affirmed promotion of human dignity as the purpose of society; CONSIDERING that human dignity is best promoted by furthering a good quality of life for all persons; RECOGNIZING that neuro-nanotechnology can enable minds to be healthily and happily maintained beyond the limitations of an original body; IT IS DECLARED THAT: Article 1. Only mind-loading that enhances human dignity is permitted. Article 2. No person shall achieve an additional legal identity via mind-loading. Article 3. Medical societies shall certify physicians in the determination of mind continuity. Article 4. Mind-loads that have been certified to continue the life of a brain-dead person shall be accorded full human dignity and rights. Idea: Universal Declaration on Mind Uploading & Downloading mar@unither.com

23. Mind Transference Limited by the Benefits Principle • One mind-load/person benefits most those worst off (die-able people) • Society will need experience with mind-loads before accepting de novo cyber-conscious beings as legal persons • The Benefits Principle blunts the Trojan Horse risks of mind-loading • Multiple mind-loads or smart agents lack legal standing • Their creators/owners are liable for them mar@unither.com

24. Assurance Role of Medical Professionals • Medical professionals can be given obligation to respect the continuity of minds across substrate and bodies • New Rule: “Death certificates shall not be issued if cessation of brain activity is timely accompanied by certified consent from an ex vivo mind upload to assume the legal identity of the brain-dead person.” • New Rule: “Birth certificates shall not be issued to new bodies that have a mind download.” mar@unither.com

25. Certified Consent from an Ex Vivo Mind • Physicians shall act with adequate due diligence on ex vivo minds • Two qualified psychiatric opinions regarding mind continuity (“certified consent”) • Direct conversation with the ex vivo mind • If two or more physicians have differing opinions regarding an ex vivo mind’s bona fides, a legal determination shall be mandatory and conclusive mar@unither.com

26. Summary • The only real geoethical issue for neuronano+ is that of mind-loading • This issue can be resolved in part with an international statement that links mind-loading to enhancing human dignity • To completely resolve the geoethical issue: • Limit the legal personality of a mind-load to • (a) continuity with a brain, and • (b) passing a ‘certified consent’ test administered by qualified psychiatrists (or a judicial finding) mar@unither.com

27. Some Revolutionary Acts in the Meantime Make Mind Files Web Life Blog Mindload Bio Data Wearware Hybridize mar@unither.com

28. A Few Acknowledgements Kurzweilai.net ibiblio.org/jstrout/uploading/ mar@unither.com