1 / 38

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the host. Ch 17. Innate resistance Immunity: ability of the body to resist pathogens Due to production of specific lymphocytes and antibodies Acquired immunity Naturally – active immunity – get it, get over it

arleen
Download Presentation

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the host

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the host Ch 17

  2. Innate resistance • Immunity: ability of the body to resist pathogens • Due to production of specific lymphocytes and antibodies • Acquired immunity • Naturally – active immunity – get it, get over it • Passive immunity – Mother to child, AB from mother (short term)

  3. Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity Figure 17.8

  4. Dual Nature of Adaptive Immunity • T and B cells develop from stem cells in red bone marrow • Humoral immunity • B cells mature in the bone marrow • Chickens: Bursa of Fabricius • Due to antibodies • Cellular immunity • Due to T cells • T cells mature in the thymus ANIMATION Humoral Immunity: Overview

  5. Artificially acquired immunity • Vaccination • Antiserum • Gamma globulin (IgG purified)

  6. Antigen, anything that can cause an immunological response • Examples

  7. Humoral vs.. cell mediated immunity • Humoral is serum immunity • Cell mediated depends on T cells

  8. Antibody Structure • The monomer is bivalent • 4 ppt chains, 2 light and 2 heavy • All contain a V region where antibody binding occurs • Y or T shaped know where ab binds, know constant region. • Fc or constant region binds to host cell or complement.

  9. Epitopes

  10. Haptens: example penicillin Figure 17.2

  11. Classes of Immunoglobulin • IgG serum, passive immunity, neutralize, precipitate, opsonize • IgM 5monomers on a chain, agglutination and complement • IgA monomer in serum, dimmers in mucus, protects outer surfaces. • IgD antigen receptors on B cells • IgE antigen receptors on mast cells and basophiles.

  12. Apoptosis: programmed cell death, Lymphocytes that are no longer needed destroy themselves. • Clonal selection: during fetal development, self reacting AB is destroyed. During sickness more AB is produced (will review later)

  13. Types of WBC

  14. Clonal Selection and differentiation of B cells

  15. Results of antigen binding • Neutralize • Opsonizaiton • Agglutination • Fixing complement • Precipitation

  16. Immunological memory • Ab titer • Plasma cells • Memory cells

  17. Monoclonal Antibodies • Immortal cells that produce an antibody that binds to one haptin.

  18. Production of Monoclonal AB (fig 18.2)

  19. Antibodies can now be manufactured • Used to tread diseases like cancer • How are antibodies treated so that they do not produce an immune response?

  20. All of the previous activities are due to B cells.

  21. T cells and cell mediated Immunity • Differentiate in the thymus gland (and others) • Classified by cell surface receptors (CD4) • Binds to antigen and APC by MHC

  22. Practical applications of Immunology (ch 19) • Vaccines • Heard immunity: if > 85% are immune to a disease, the pathogen has difficulty spreading • Types • Attenuated whole agent – non pathogenic • Inactivated whole agent – dead • Toxoids – inactivated toxin • Subunit vaccine –purified protein • Conjugated vaccine • DNA vaccine – MHC1 associated responses

  23. How to make vaccines • Animals • Cell culture • Chick embryos • Recombinant vaccines are much safer

  24. Disorders of the Human immune system

  25. Defects • Hay fever • Transplant rejection • Autoimmunity • Infection • carriers

  26. Hypersensitivity • Rx that lead to tissue damage • Occur when person is sensitized • 4 types

  27. Autoimmune disease • From loss of self tolerance • Self tolerance occurs during fetal development • Clonal deletion • Clonal anergy • Graves disease • Myasthenia gravis • Systemic lupus • Rheumatoid arthritis • Hashimotas disease • Insulin dependent diabetes

  28. Types of T cells • Classified by certain glycoproteins on surface (clusters of differentiation (CD)) • Th –T helper-CD4 • Recognise an antigen presented on the surface of a macrophage and activate it. • Tc – Cytotoxic T cells –CD8 • When activated by cytokines from the Th cell will change to kill self altered cells

  29. Tr – Regulatory T cells – (turn down immune response)

  30. Cytotoxic T cells are transformed into CTL’s by a cell with markers on it.

  31. The MHC antigen complex induces a toll-like receptor

  32. Organisms like large paracites that are too large for ingestion by phagocytic cells must be attacked externally

More Related