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World war ii

World war ii. How many men are in this picture? Where was It taken?. 1939 - 1945. Isolationism Good Neighbor Policy Appeasement Blitzkrieg Mussolini Kamikaze Allied, Axis Lend-Lease Act Dec 7, 1941, - June 6, 1944 Women. Totalitarianism Fascist Manhattan Project Jewish People

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World war ii

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  1. World war ii How many men are in this picture? Where was It taken? 1939 - 1945

  2. Isolationism Good Neighbor Policy Appeasement Blitzkrieg Mussolini Kamikaze Allied, Axis Lend-Lease Act Dec 7, 1941, - June 6, 1944 Women Totalitarianism Fascist Manhattan Project Jewish People Harry S. Truman Dwight Eisenhower Winston Churchill Hideki Tojo Sept 1, 1939 Yalta Hiroshima & Nagasaki

  3. Winston ChurchillGreat Britain • Urged US to join the war before Pearl Harbor was attacked and against Appeasement • Rallied UK citizens to hold out against the Nazi bombing • Believed defeating Hitler was the Allies 1st priority.

  4. FDR • Elected President in 1932 • Directed aid to the Allies before PH was attacked • Believed that the Japanese should be given just as much attention as Hitler by American forces.

  5. Josef Stalin - USSR Communist who succeeded Lenin. Killed all political enemies & opponents. Collectivization – Seized all private property for the govt. and put poor to work on farms to grow food for the govt. Killed 10 – 15 million people from 1922 – 1953. - Soviet Purges - Ukrainian Famine

  6. Adolf Hitler - Germany Committed suicide in his underground bunker on Apr 30, 1945, as Russian troops approached. Attempted to overthrow govt in 1923 and arrested. Wrote Mein Kampf while imprisoned. Named Fuhrer of Germany in 1934. Blamed Jews for the treaty of Versailles's after WW1. Blamed them for all of Germany’s other problems. Wanted to purify the Aryan race and promoted it as superior to all other races. Wanted to exterminate the Jewish race and gain “living space” for these people by conquering Russia.

  7. Nazi Rally – Nuremberg, Germany – 1938.

  8. Axis Powers Fascist Governments Germany (Hitler) Italy (Mussolini) Japan (Tojo) Allied Powers Democratic Govts Great Britain (Churchill) USA (FDR, Truman) France (De Galle) Communist USSR (Stalin)

  9. Worldwide Depression The Smoot-Hawley Tariff was the highest U.S. tariff ever placed on imported goods. It caused a Tariff War between the world’s countries, so ALL businesses suffered. Japanese Aggression Hideki Tojo’s Fascist government looks to expand their empire across China and the Pacific Ocean. German Aggression Adolph Hitler takes power in Germany during the 1930s and dramatically expands the military through the Nazi political party. Anger at European countries over the harsh punishment of Germany by the Treaty of Versailles 1919. Took land originally taken from Germany after WW1, but allowed to keep it (Appeasement) in 1938 at the Munich Conference CAUSES OF WORLD War II

  10. Take a Break: How many people were really killed in World War II? • 53 million • 33 million • 25 million • 75 million The exact number of deaths are unknown because civilian deaths are hard to calculate. Most estimates end up at around 65 to 70 million people killed during World War II. Making it the worst war ever.

  11. Which city in Mississippi gained national fame for sending the highest percentage of its male citizens to war? • Hattiesburg • Canton • Biloxi • D’Lo 38% of all its men went to war. The highest percentage for any city its size in America.

  12. During the 1800’s, Midwestern farmers demanded the free coinage of silver because they believed it would… • Control inflation • Drop manufacturing costs • Increase the money supply • Lower RR freight charges

  13. were we really Neutral? What do you think??? Would you have been an Isolationistor an Interventionist? What about now? Is our situation any different? • Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, 1937, & 1939– passed by Congress to avoid the mistakes that led to US involvement in World War 1. • Cash & Carry – Included in Neutrality Act of 1939 because FDR was anti-Nazi and wanted to aid democracies in Europe. US traded with any country paying in cash. UK and France controlled seas, so this was a big help • Destroyers for Bases – 1940 agreement between US and UK that send old WW1 destroyers in exchange for British land • Lend – Lease Act– By 1941, the Allies were running low on cash, so FDR proposed lending or leasing supplies to them. They receive about $7 Billion worth of war supplies Isolationist = Anti-Imperialist 1937 FDR speech –Aggressor nations should be “quarantined” to maintain peace and democratic ways of life. Maintained US neutrality, but offered help in isolating aggressive countries - Germany, Italy, & Japan

  14. FDR’s Four Freedoms • PICK UP THE PAGE ON THE DESK. • Skim the excerpt from FDR’s speech to Congress on January 6, 1941 • Follow the directions at the top and then answer the questions at the end. • DAILY GRADE – CHECKED IN 10 MINUTES

  15. US Isolationism – From George Washington’s Farewell Address of 1796 “In regard to foreign nations, we should have with them as little political connection as possible. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities.” • Where did our tradition of Isolationism in world affairs start??? How does FDR change this philosophy in his Four Freedoms Speech of 1941?

  16. Atlantic Charter Secret meeting between FDR and Churchill BEFORE Pearl Harbor was attacked in 1941. Our goals after the war would be Democracy and Freedom for all countries involved.

  17. Fighting in Europe Churchill, an excellent speaker, made radio addresses during the months of German bombings to lead the British people: “We shall never surrender!” “If the British Empire lasts for a thousand years, men will still say, ‘This was their finest hour!” Hitler’s Blitzkrieg conquers Europe quickly, and his Anti-Aggression Pact with Stalin divided Poland between Germany and Russia. England is the only Allied country left. Hitler attempts to bomb England into a surrender in the Battle of Britain. Fought entirely in the Air and at Sea during the summer and fall of 1940. The Royal Air Force repels the Germans repeatedly. Along with American Lend-Lease Act supplies, the British hold out.

  18. After failing to conquer England, Hitler spreads his empire through Southern Europe into North Africa. He then sets his sights on the USSR in 1941. World War ii in Europe American troops get their first action in the war against the Germans in Operation Torch in North Africa.

  19. Hitler broke his pact with Stalin and invaded the USSR in 1941. He felt no threat from England. Russia was totally unprepared for the invasion and had to force its citizens to help defend Moscow and other major cities while pleading with the Allies for help. Hitler vs. Stalin

  20. July1942 – Feb 1943 Josef Stalin’s Hometown 8 - month battle was the Worst in Human history. About 1.5 million total casualties. Over 2,000,000 German and Russian soldiers participated. Turns the tide against Hitler on the Eastern Front. 2. Stalingrad

  21. Europe • After entering the war in 1941, the U.S. Army began training for the liberation of Europe. • The invasion was planned by American General Dwight Eisenhower.

  22. 3. D – day: June 6, 1944 • The largest sea invasion in history. • Begins the liberation of Europe. • Nearly 2 million soldiers, sailors and airmen were involved in Operation Overlord, including U.S., British, and Canadians who would fight after men on the ground secured an area in Normandy. • 448,000 tons of ammunition used • The location and date of the invasion was the most heavily guarded secret on the planet. Pilots with planeloads of paratroopers didn’t even know their destination upon takeoff. • 10,000 Allied casualties on June 6. • 2,500 U.S. deaths in that 1 single day.

  23. D – day: June 6, 1944 Paratroopers drop into France around 1AM that morning. France

  24. 4. The battle of the bulge • After losing France and the rest of Europe to the Allies, Germany was forced to defend its own country in the Winter of 1944. • Hitler planned one final surprise offensive to try and win the war. It would take place during the worst winter in years and catch Allied forces completely off guard.

  25. The battle of the bulge Bastogne, Belgium Occupied for 1 month and saved by the US Army’s 101st Airborne Division

  26. Trying something new today. Your notes are in the packet on the desk. After writing a few slides down, you will highlight the rest as we go through the PowerPoint.

  27. Victory in Europe • The Yalta Conference February 1945 • FDR, Churchill and Stalin met to plan for the post-war world and agreed that Germany would be divided up among the 4 main Allied Powers. • Agreed that Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania would hold free elections after the war • Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945 • Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945. This date is known as Victory in Europe Day, or V-E Day.

  28. Potsdam Conference July 1945 • Atlee, Truman & Stalin • Agreed on the specifics of how to divide up Germany into occupation zones • Stalin agreed to declare war against Japan, but enough threat was not made push Japan into a surrender • Stalin refused to allow free elections in Eastern Europe The agreements made at the Potsdam Conference in Berlin, Germany are often blamed with STARTING the COLD WAR.

  29. The youngest U.S. serviceman to fight in World War II was… • 17 years old • 15 years old • 19 years old • 12 years old Calvin Graham, USN. He was wounded in combat and given a Dishonorable Discharge for lying about his age. (His benefits were later restored by act of Congress).

  30. Which of these dates are NOT associated with World War II? • November 11, 1919 • October 29, 1929 • October 1, 1939 • December 7, 1941 • June 6, 1944 • A. 11/11/1919 – End of World War I • B. 10/29/1929 – Black Tuesday

  31. U.S. & Japan before Pearl Harbor JAPAN 1931 – invaded Manchuria 1937 – declared war on China 1940 – took supplies from neighboring countries 1941 – sign nonaggression treaty with USSR 1940 – US bans the sale of ammo, steel, and gasoline to the Japanese 1941 – US increases aid to the Chinese Through November and December, Japan worked with the US to develop a peace treaty between the 2 countries. Then on December 7, 1941…

  32. Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 423 Japanese Planes The attack lasted only 4 hours and sunk 21 of the 96 total ships stationed at Pearl Harbor. 188 airplanes were destroyed also. About 2,400 US deaths Japan expected the attack to keep us from fighting for at least 6 months, maybe even as long as 18 months. We began fighting the Japanese 60 days after the attack. War in the Pacific

  33. December 7, 1941 • On the 7th and 8th, Japan simultaneously attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii and many other islands • Malaya • The Philippines • Dutch East Indies (Indonesia) • The Wake Islands • Guam • By January 1942, Japan controlled the entire Pacific Ocean. • Fortunately, all of the American aircraft carriers were at sea and survived the Pearl Harbor attack.

  34. War in the Pacific • The Battle of the Coral Sea, May 1942 • First battle carried out totally in the air. • First American military action in the Pacific. • Militarily, the battle was a draw. However, the Allies could claim victory because it saved thecontinent of Australia from invasion.

  35. War in the Pacific • The Battle of Midway, June 1942 • Decisive battle in which the Japanese lost 3 aircraft carriers and 250 aircraft. • Japan’s Navy never recovered from the loss.

  36. the Pacific • The Battle of Guadalcanal, August 1942 • First land battle for US Marines in the war. American victory. • Beginning of Island Hopping strategy • Island Hopping - conquering only the Pacific islands that were important to the advance towards Japan

  37. War in the Pacific • The Philippines,1942 – 1944 • General Douglas MacArthur retreated on FDR’s orders in 1942, saying:" I shall return.” • The Bataan Death March took over 10,000 American and Filipino soldiers’ lives. • Battle of Leyte Gulf, U.S. destruction of the Japanese Navy. Navajo Code Talkers – Navajo Indians who used a code based on their language to communicate very important info between American units in the Pacific – never broken by Japanese

  38. Iwo Jima – feb 1945 • 110,000 Americans vs. 25,000 Japanese • Japanese soldiers were instructed to fight to the death, and that they had to kill 10 Americans before they died. • Only 216 were left to surrender. • 25,000 American casualties 25 MEDALS OF HONOR WERE AWARDED FOR THIS 1 SINGLE BATTLE. MOST EVER IN AMERICAN HISTORY.

  39. Iwo Jima – Medal of Honor – Don’t copy • Sergeant Darrell S. Cole • USS Cole, 1996 is named after Sgt. Cole. The USS Cole was attacked by terrorists in October 12, 2000. 17 Sailors died and 39 more were injured in the suicide bombing in Yemen.

  40. Okinawa – Apr 1945 • The last obstacle before invading Japan. • Japanese soldiers employed banzai charges – kamikaze attacks on land • 180,000 Americans vs. 75,000 Japanese. 50,000 American casualties make it the worst American battle of World War II. • From Iwo Jima and Okinawa, US bombers could reach Japan. • Now the planning for the invasion of Japan wouldbegin.

  41. Manhattan Project • FDR’s top-secret project to build the first atomic weapon • The project began after Albert Einstein wrote a series of letters to FDR explaining the possibility of building such weapons and how the Germans were close to developing an atomic weapon of their own. • The first atomic detonation in history occurs July 16, 1945 in the New Mexico desert.

  42. Manhattan Project Harry Truman, America’s new president, now has to decide if America will use this devastating weapon to end World War II. US casualty estimates predicted 500,000 killed or wounded American troops in an Invasion of the Japan. TRUMAN’S DECISION: Should we invade and risk our soldiers’ lives, or should we use this new weapon and kill at least 250,000 innocent Japanese civilians? WHAT WOULD YOU DO???

  43. Manhattan Project • August 6, 1945 – Hiroshima, Japan • 140,000 deaths • August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki, Japan • 75,000 deaths

  44. Shadows • The bright light of the blast is so hot it vaporizes everything in Hiroshima, leaving shadows burnt into walls.

  45. Atomic Bombs Today Today’s Hydrogen Bombs The 1st Atomic Bombs

  46. Victory in Japan • Japan surrenders unconditionally on August 15, 1945. This date becomes Victory in Japan Day, or V-J Day

  47. Writing Assignment • Choose one of the pictures on the wall. • Imagine you area news reporter with the photographer when the picture was taken. • Describe your reaction to the scene. • Write a 2 Paragraph article about what you have seen. • Daily Grade

  48. Famous Americans in WWII Dwight Eisenhower Tuskeegee airmen George Patton Audie Murphy Take a copy from the desk. We will highlight notes today to finish out World War 2.

  49. Famous Americans in WWII George H.W. Bush Joe DiMaggio Gerald Ford John F. Kennedy Lyndon Johnson Richard Nixon Ted Williams

  50. Civil Rights issues in america • Japanese American Imprisonment • African American Soldiers and Citizens • Mexican Immigrants • Women

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