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Biological Classification

Biological Classification. Group the following in any way you would like, but justify your grouping!. Frogs Bears Ants Spiders Bacteria . Humans Dolphins Sharks Mushrooms Pine Trees. Why do we Classify?. To group organisms according to similarities

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Biological Classification

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  1. Biological Classification

  2. Group the following in any way you would like, but justify your grouping! • Frogs • Bears • Ants • Spiders • Bacteria • Humans • Dolphins • Sharks • Mushrooms • Pine Trees

  3. Why do we Classify? • To group organisms according to similarities • Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. 

  4. Binomial Nomenclature • Binomial Nomenclature - the formal system of naming species. (Bi = two, nomial = names) • Latin is the language in which scientific names are written. • Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) a Swedish botanist , came up with the b.n. system. • Aristotle was the first scientist to group organisms based on physical characteristics.

  5. The 3 Domains

  6. The 5 Kingdoms

  7. 7 Levels of Classification 1 is Largest- 7 is Smallest

  8. Examples of Classification Common Pond Amoeba • KINGDOM: Protista • PHYLUM: Sarcomastigophora • CLASS: Sarcodina • ORDER: Granulopodea • FAMILY: Amoebidae • GENUS: Amoeba • SPECIES: Amoeba proteus

  9. Examples of Classification Humans • KINGDOM: Animalia • PHYLUM: Chordata • CLASS: Mammalia • ORDER: Primata • FAMILY: Hominidae • GENUS: Homo • SPECIES: Homo sapiens

  10. Scientific Names • The GENUS is the 1st word in the scientific name. Always capitalized Example : Amoeba proteus Homo sapiens • The SPECIES is the 2nd word in the scientific name. Always lowercase Example: Amoeba proteus Homo sapiens

  11. Phylogenetic Tree • A Phylogenetic Tree is a way to organize living things and show how they are related.

  12. Cladograms • Cladograms are a way to show shared or lost traits between related organisms

  13. How do we know how to classify? • Similar Structures • The bones in a bat’s wing are almost the same as the bones in a human hand • Similar Behaviors • All mammals nurse their young • Similarities in genes (DNA sequence or proteins) • Human and Primate DNA is 99% similar

  14. Evidence for Classification/Evolution • Homologous structures: similar bone structures in different organisms • Fossil Record: Past organisms can be studied through fossils • Gene similarities: matching DNA sequences • Embryology: similar development patterns in unborn species of different species • Hybridization: ability to successfully interbreed different species.

  15. Homologous Structures

  16. Embryology

  17. Hybridization

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