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Diversity of Life: Introduction to Biological Classification

BioEd Online. Diversity of Life: Introduction to Biological Classification. By Deanne Erdmann, MS. BioEd Online. Why Do We Classify Organisms?. Biologists group organisms to represent similarities and proposed relationships.

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Diversity of Life: Introduction to Biological Classification

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  1. BioEd Online Diversity of Life: Introduction to Biological Classification By Deanne Erdmann, MS

  2. BioEd Online Why Do We Classify Organisms? • Biologists group organisms to represent similarities and proposed relationships. • Classification systems change with expanding knowledge about new and well-known organisms. Tacitus bellus

  3. BioEd Online Classification • Binomial Nomenclature • Two part name (Genus, species) • Hierarchical Classification • Seven Taxonomic Catagroies • Systematics • Study of the evolution of biological diversity Leucaena leucocephala Lead tree

  4. BioEd Online Binomial Nomenclature • Carolus von Linnaeus • Two-word naming system • Genus • Noun, Capitalized, Underlined or Italicized • Species • Descriptive, Lower Case, Underlined or Italicized Carolus von Linnaeus(1707-1778) Swedish scientist who laid the foundation for modern taxonomy

  5. BioEd Online Hierarchical Classification • Taxonomic categories • Kingdom King • Phylum Philip • Class Came • Order Over • Family For • Genus Green • Species Soup

  6. BioEd Online Kingdoms and Domains The three-domain system Bacteria Archaea Eukarya The six-kingdom system Bacteria Archaea Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia The traditional five-kingdom system Monera Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia

  7. BioEd Online Systematics:Evolutionary Classification of Organisms • Systematics is the study of the evolution of biological diversity, and combines data from the following areas. • Fossil record • Comparative homologies • Cladistics • Comparative sequencing of DNA/RNA among organisms • Molecular clocks

  8. BioEd Online Taxonomic Diagrams Mammals Turtles Lizards and Snakes Crocodiles Birds Mammals Turtles Lizards and Snakes Crocodiles Birds PhylogeneticTree Cladogram

  9. BioEd Online Dichotomous Keys Identify Organisms • Dichotomous keys versus evolutionary classification • Dichotomous keys contain pairs of contrasting descriptions. • After each description, the key directs the user to another pair of descriptions or identifies the organism. Example: 1. a) Is the leaf simple? Go to 2 b) Is the leaf compound? Go to 3 2. a) Are margins of the leaf jagged? Go to 4 b) Are margins of the leaf smooth? Go to 5

  10. BioEd Online Thank You • This concludes a brief review of biological classification. • You may find additional information on this section of in the expanded content talks and in the notes below each slide in the slide library.

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