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Mendelian Heredity CH12 pg 267

Mendelian Heredity CH12 pg 267. Sexual Reproduction. Combining of a sperm cell and an egg cell from two individuals The offspring of this "cross" will have characteristics from both "parents“ hybrid. Self – Pollination Contrasting traits, easy to grow and reproduce.

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Mendelian Heredity CH12 pg 267

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  1. Mendelian HeredityCH12 pg 267

  2. Sexual Reproduction • Combining of a sperm cell and an egg cell from two individuals • The offspring of this "cross" will have characteristics from both "parents“ • hybrid

  3. Self – PollinationContrasting traits, easy to grow and reproduce

  4. Heterozygous 3:1 Ratio

  5. Characters vs Traits

  6. Mendel’s Laws of Heredity • Law of Dominance - One factor (trait) in a pair may mask the effect of the other.

  7. Mendel’s Laws of Heredity • Law of Segregation - The two traits for a characteristic separate during the formation of eggs and sperm.

  8. Mendel’s Laws of Heredity • Law of Independent Assortment - The traits for different characteristics are distributed to reproductive cells independently. pg272

  9. Using Punnett Squares • Punnett Square • Model that predicts the likely outcomes of a genetic cross with the alleles taken from the parents • Shows all the genotypes that could result from a given cross

  10. How to for Punnett Square • Capital letter • Dominant trait • Letter represents trait (B for brown) • Dominant always written first in sequence (Bb) • Lower case letter • recessive trait • same letter as dominant trait (b for blond)

  11. Monohybrid Cross • Contrasting traits (purple vs white flower) • Homozygous Cross (PP or pp) • Heterozygous Cross (Pp) • Paternal alleles across the top • Maternal alleles down the left side

  12. Monohybrid Cross • Phenotype • Genotype

  13. Using Probability • Likelihood that a specific event will occur • Probability = # of one kind of possible outcomes total # of all possible outcomes • Probability of a specific allele in a gamete • Represented as a fraction or ratio

  14. Probability in a Heterozygous Cross • Flipping a coin/ possible alleles • Both parents have Pp, How do you know? P p P p

  15. Using a Pedigree • Several generations • Determine genetic disorders or diseases that can be inherited • Pedigrees can help answers questions about the three factors of inheritance • Sex-linked Genes • Dominant or Recessive • Heterozygous or Homozygous

  16. Many Genes, Many Alleles • Polygenic Inheritance • Several genes affect characteristic • Relative greenness or brownness, blue eyes are recessive

  17. Many Genes, Many Alleles • Incomplete Dominance • Intermediate between traits • Snapdragon (red and white = pink)

  18. Many Genes, Many Alleles • Multiple Alleles • 3 or more possible alleles, only to alleles for a gene can be present • Complex dominance • Blood types and Labrador coat color

  19. ABO blood groups

  20. Many Genes, Many Alleles • Codominance • Both Alleles for the same gene are fully expressed

  21. Genes affected by the Environment • Nutrients and temperature • Personality and behavior

  22. Genes Linked Within Chromosome • Genes that are close together are less likely to be separated than genes that are far apart

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