Mapping & Geography “ Writing the World ”

1. Mapping & Geography“Writing the World” geo = world or earth graph = to write or to chart Part I Basics of Geography

2. Geography Basics I.N. pg. 17 Geography: the study or charting of the Earth Continent: one of several large landmasses on earth which usually include: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia 4 oceans: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic Hemisphere: Any half of the earth • The world has 4 hemispheres: Eastern, Western, Northern, Southern

3. Geography Basics Equator: is a latitude line that circles the Earth exactly halfway between the North + South Poles, or zero degrees Prime Meridian: Is a longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England, and is 0 degrees longitude. • All longitude lines begin and end at the North and South poles compass rose, a figure on a map used to display the cardinal directions

4. Outline each hemisphere

5. Label the continents and oceans. Color each continent a different color • Compass rose

6. 5 Themes of Geography I.N. pg. 19-21 MR. LIP M = Movement R = Regions L= Location I= Interactions P=Place http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIqC79WrpKg

7. MOVEMENT People and ideas get around • Transportation (railroads, ships, planes) • Communications (Twitter, telephones, computers, TV) • Mass Migration Examples: Goods are shipped in large trucks across interstate highways, you write a letter to your grandma, the Dust Bowl or Great Migration

8. REGIONS What do locations have in common • Political (Palestine, Middle East) • Physical Features (climate zones, deserts) • Cultural features (languages, religions) Examples: areas that receive very little rainfall are deserts, N. + S. America are in the Western Hemisphere,

9. LOCATION Where it is. Two types of location: absolute and relative. • Absolute location can be found by using latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s absolute, or exact, location. • Relative location shows where a place is in relation to other places examples: Texas is south of Oklahoma, The city of Chandler is at 33 degrees N. Latitude,111 degrees W. longitude

10. INTERACTION (Human & Environment) What do the people do to the environment? What does the environment do for the people? • How do people depend on their environment (farming, fishing, mining) • How do people adapt to their environment? (igloos, irrigation, clothing) • How do people change the environment? (roads, canals, harbors) Examples: air conditioning in the desert

11. PLACE What is it like when you get there? • Climate (humid, tropical) • Physical features (mountains Mt. Everest, rivers Nile River, vegetation. • Man-made features (buildings, dams, bridges) Hoover Dam • Human characteristics (food, clothing, language) Navajo Code Talkers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIqC79WrpKg

13. A. Location B. Place C. Movement Region E. Interaction 1.____ Great Plains used to be a wide open area with no settlements or farms. Today towns and cities dot the Great Plains, and much of the land is used for farming 2. ____ Areas that receive very little rainfall are called deserts. 3._____ Texas is south of Oklahoma. 4._____ Hawaii is made up of islands and it offers a variety of tourist attractions 5. _____ Goods are shipped in large tractor-trailer trucks across interstate highways. 6. _____ Arizona is located in the Southwest and has many characteristics similar to other states around it like Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. _____ The country of Guam is at 13 degrees N. Latitude, 145 degrees E. longitude 8. ____ One way to communicate information is to write letters to our friends And relatives. 9. ____ The building of new houses on areas that had always been forests frequently makes it difficult for animals to find homes 10.____ Swiss Chalets and high mountains called the Alps are two of the ways we can identify the country of Switzerland 1. E 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. E10. B 5 themes rap

14. Mapping & Geography“Writing the World” • geo = world or earth • graph = to write or to chart • Part 3 Mapping and Location

15. Globes and Maps MAPP ING AND LOCATION I.N. pg 27 • A globe is a round,3-d model of the earth. Most accurate-not practical • A map is 2-dimensional view of the world. It is more detailed but is distorted (shapes change) • Cartography or mapping is the study or practice of making maps. • Cartographers or mapmakers are the people who do this

17. flat maps are forced to exaggerate some sense of scale, or size

18. Mercator’s Projection Map (I.N. pg. 27) • Mercator projection(method of putting a map of the Earth onto a flat piece of paper) • still used by sailors • expands the area between longitudes/poles • distorts size--Greenland looks bigger than South America when it is only one eighth the size.

19. Sample mercator map

21. Robinson’s Projection Map (I.N. pg. 27) • shows the size and shape of the land more accurately. • Some Geographers think it is one of the best World map’s available • Some distortions (in areas around the edges of the map).

22. Sample Robinsons Map

24. Effects of Latitude (I.N. pg. 29) • lines of latitude, are imaginaryeast-west circles around the globe. • also called parallels, because they are parallel to one another running east and west • low latitudes, or the tropics. • direct sunlight throughout the year • Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are at 23.5 degrees N. and S. • divide the Earth into regionsaccording to the amount of sunlight they receive.

25. Low latitudes

26. High Latitudes (I.N. pg. 29) • high latitudes, or polar zones • no direct sunlight • far north of the Equator - Arctic Circle. • Far south of the Equator lies the Antarctic Circle

28. Middle Latitudes (I.N. pg. 29) • In between is called Middle Latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres, or temperate zones • seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. • receive fairly direct sunlight and at other times of year, they receive fairly indirect sunlight.

29. Longitudes (I.N. pg. 29) • International Date Line (IDL) • north-south imaginary • passes through the middle of the Pacific • designates the place where each calendar day begins. • roughly along 180°longitude, opposite the Prime Meridian, (does divert to pass around some territories and island groups). • Lines of longitude(imaginary lines that circle the globe from north to south) • also called meridians

31. Parts of a Map (I.N. pg. 31) • cardinal directions: north, south, east, and west • scale - tells what a certain distance on the map stands for • symbols are explained in the key, or legend. • grid. uses lines to make rows and columns on a mapSome maps use a grid of latitude and longitude lines

33. Types of Maps (I.N. pg. 31) • Political maps: No physical features. Includes state and national boundaries or countries boundaries. • Road maps: show major—some minor highways—and roads, airports, railroad tracks, cities and other points of interest in an area. • Topographic: includes shape and elevation of an area. steep or flat terrain.

34. Physical and Political Map of AZ