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The Protestant Reformation a call for change

The Protestant Reformation a call for change. Corruption in the Medieval Catholic Church. Popes used excommunication to force monarchs to obey the Church Many priests were illiterate Many clergy broke their vows of chastity Some officials led lives of luxury and leisure Some clergy:

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The Protestant Reformation a call for change

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  1. The Protestant Reformation a call for change

  2. Corruption in the Medieval Catholic Church • Popes used excommunication to force monarchs to obey the Church • Many priests were illiterate • Many clergy broke their vows of chastity • Some officials led lives of luxury and leisure • Some clergy: • Charged repentant Christians to see holy remains and objects • Sold church offices to the highest bidder (simony) • Sold indulgences = ($ exchanged for sins) • The power of the Papacy was weakened by • Printing Press/ Monarchies/ Rise of Mercantilism $ • Great Schism of the 14th century

  3. Early Calls for Reform –Did not change the church, butthey brought attention to the problems • John Wycliffe of England • Thought Christians didn’t need Church or sacraments to achieve salvation • Regarded Bible as most important source of religious authority • Completed first translation of Bible into English Outcome: the Church persecuted his followers, the Lollards, as heretics

  4. Jan Huss • Criticized wealth of Church • Wanted religious services conducted in the language of the worshippers • Opposed the sale of indulgences Outcome: Was burned at stake for refusing to accept importance of church rituals

  5. Catherine of Siena • Popularized Mysticism “the inner spirit” • Believed people could experience God through intense prayer • Outcome: Maintained that Christians didn’t need priests, rituals, or sacraments • Eventually Sainted

  6. Girolamo Savonarola of Florence • Renegade Dominican monk • Launched crusade against immoral society • Encouraged book burning • Claimed Vatican was filled with sin and corruption Outcome: Excommunicated & burned at the stake by angry citizens of FlorenceItaly

  7. Basis for the Protestant Reformation • By 1500s, educated Christians calling for a complete change in the Church’s ways and practice of Christianity • In Germany, the movement for Church reform resulted in a split of the Church

  8. Martin Luther • Son of middle-class townspeople, became a lawyer then a monk at age 22 • Worried that God may not find him acceptable • Read in Romans: “He who through faith is righteous shall live” • Luther’s justification of faith belief stems from this quote • Disagreed with the Church that salvation was attainable through good works / conformity to Authority • Believed forgiveness for sins could only come from God not a priest !!

  9. Luther’s Protest of the Church • Luther’s ideas brought him in conflict with the Church • Pope Leo X selling church positions and indulgences to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica • Certificates sold by the Church to reduce or cancel punishment of sins • Indulgences were said to be a sure ticket to heaven

  10. John Tetzel • German Church agent for selling indulgences • Promised indulgences would relieve for FUTURE sins • Encouraged people to buy indulgences for dead relatives • “Once you hear the money’s ring, the soul from purgatory is free to spring” • Luther preached against indulgences and nailed on the Wittenberg Church his 95 Theses • Statements criticizing indulgences and other church policies

  11. The 95 Theses spread quickly & sale of indulgences declined Luther published his works Leo X persuades Luther to withdraw criticism 1520- the pope formally condemns Luther, excommunicates in 1521 Charles V calls a council to meet in Worms to bring Luther back & get him to take back statement Rushed out of Worms and hidden in a castle by Prince Frederick of Saxony While in exile, translates New Testament in German Luther causes revolt in the H R E Peasants began to revolt against their lords, now believing everyone was equal 100,000 peasants killed Princes who wanted freedom from the Pope, seized Church land Peace of Augsburg Each prince can choose the religion for their state Forced people to move in order to worship freely Germany split: North –Lutheran, South - Catholic

  12. Lutheranism • First New Protestant faith • Emphasized salvation by faith alone • Emphasized the Bible’s role as the only source of religious truth • Services centered on Biblical preaching rather than ritual and held in the vernacular “Common language” • The Church was not a hierarchy of clergy, but community of believers • Congregations choose their own ministers • No worship of saints • Clergy allowed to marry • The seeds are sown for more radical Protestant movements to transform Europe

  13. Printing Press Mercantilism Land based economy - use of $ / Clash of Kings and Popes over Taxation & control of Church funds Spreads Ideas 1455Rise of money economy ! $$ Science & Religion clash level of social mobility – middle class

  14. King Henry VIII1553 Funds 1st printing of the Bible in English Anglican - Church of England State Sponsored Church Breaks all ties to Catholic Church. I will decide what's right !

  15. Protestant v. Catholic Protestant

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