Welcome to the Age of Imperialism

1. Welcome to the Age of Imperialism How does imperialism and the appeal for colonies reflect 19th century nationalism?

2. Journal Describe the political concept of the late 1800’s, early 1900’s that is being depicted in this cartoon. How was this action justified by “Social Darwinism?”

3. The Age of Imperialism 1875-1914 Red-coated British soldiers stand at attention around a royal pavilion during a ceremony in India. Britain’s Queen Victoria took the title Empress on India in 1876.

4. The Age of Imperialism • Imperialism = a policy of conquering and ruling other lands

6. 2. Britain was the most powerful nation in the world b/c of: • factories • British Navy • banks

7. Germany and the US began to challenge British industrial power (late 1800’s) • Solution - look to colonies for markets and resources.

8. B. Motives for Imperialism? • colonies = power • economic competition (resources and markets) • racism • share technology and progress • spread Christianity with missionaries

9. Mass Appeal • Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) – most popular writer in GB • stories – adventure, feelings of superiority • saw imperialism as a mission to “civilize non-Europeans” and urged his readers to

10. The Age of Imperialism • In answering the call of imperialism, Europeans altered the way of life on every continent.

11. Domination and Resistance in Africa

12. Berlin Conference 1884-1885 • 14 countries meet in Berlin, carve up Africa

13. Europe’s Advantage • Transportation- steamships and railroad • Communications- telegraph, later the telephone • Medical – quinine for malaria

14. Europe’s Advantage • Superior military weaponry • Bolt-action rifles - quick reload • maxim gun and gatlin gun (early machine gun) • steamships w/ machine guns and cannon traveled up the rivers

15. Africa’s Disadvantages • Variety of cultures and languages • Low level of technology available – most of the guns owned by Africans dated back to the slave trade (ended two generations before)

16. Africa’s Disadvantages • Ethnic strife and warfare limited attempts to work together

17. Successful Resistance - Ethiopia • only country to successfully resist the Europeans • Emperor Menelik II- played the Italians, French, and British against one another • Battle of Adowa (1896)- Ethiopians successfully defeated the Italians and maintained their independence

18. Successful Resistance • 1930s - Benito Mussolini would target Ethiopia before World War II – avenging Italy’s loss. • Ethiopians fought with the same guns that had defeated the Italians forty years before – and lost

20. Jungle Book: Lively stories filled with talking animals • Rudyard Kipling wrote the famous children’s book, The Jungle Book, in 1893. It was written at the height of British imperialism around the globe. Kipling is known for his great pride in Britain and his support of British imperialism (remember, he wrote the “White Man’s Burden” poem.) However, he was a realist in his views. Many of his written works portray this in his characters. The Jungle Book is no exception. The story is set in the jungle of India. Although it is a children’s book, the characters symbolize much of what Kipling believed was right about the British colonization of India.

21. Assignment • How do the characters in the movie, The Jungle Book, reflect the actions and intentions of British imperialism in India in the 1800s? • Pay attention to the messages given by each character and how they each may symbolize elements of imperialism. • Select THREE characters you feel most comfortable supporting and present your analysis in an essay. Be sure to provide specific examples from the film to support your analysis.

22. Day 2 – WARM-UP  What do you see in the picture? (be specific) Who are the people? What are they doing? Where this scene might be taking place? Why might be taking place in this scene? How might the people in the scene be feeling?

23. “The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”

24. Reached its height under Queen Victoria • Originally about economics PRIDE British Empire

25. The All-reaching Empire

26. RHODES COLOSSUS • Cecil Rhodes • built the trans-Africa railway • nation of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) was named The cartoon is a play on the old Colossus of Rhodes, which was one of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.” “We [the British] happen to be the best in the world, with the highest ideals of dependency and justice and liberty and peace, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for humanity.”

27. “Our whole existence has been controlled by people with an alien attitude to life, people with different customs and beliefs. They have determined the form of government, the types of economic activity, and the schooling which our children have…A man who tries to control the life of another does not destroy the other any less because he does it, as he thinks, for the other’s benefit. It is the principle which is wrong, the principle of one man governing another without his consent.” -Julius Nyerere of Tanzania Perspective

28. Colony • Direct control • Completely ruled by imperial power • No influence of local people / culture • Goal: assimilation • Protectorate • indirect control • overseen by imperial power • locals play small roles in local government B. Forms of Imperialism

29. Sphere of Influence • indirect control • control of a specific need or resource (trading privileges) • only imperializes a specific area or region, not a total country • Ex. China • Economic Imperialism • indirect control • control by private business interests NOT government • can eventually lead to colonization • Ex. Dole Fruit Company in Hawaii Forms of imperialism

30. Crumbling Ottoman Empire… …looks tasty to Europeans. • Russia interested in the Black Sea (access to Med. and Atlantic) • Crimean War: 1853 • Russia attacks Turks and lose • GB & France help the Turks • didn’t want Russia to get any bigger • Ottomans win, Russians lose

31. Crumbling Ottoman Empire… • Oil discovered in Middle East

32. Egypt’s modernization • built Suez Cana with French engineers • borrowed $ from France who in turn borrowed $ from GB • 1882: lose Suez Canal to GB; couldn’t pay off debts

33. Suez canal

34. Suez Canal From space

35. Warm - Up • What do you believe should be the government’s response to a natural disaster? • What is something you would absolutely never do? (School appropriate answers) Famine in India 1876-78

36. Imperialism in Asia

37. “The jewel in the crown” • India was the largest and most lucrative colony of the entire British Empire. • 1600’s British East India Co. began trading in India; over time gained more economic and POLITICAL control

38. Sepoy rebellion • spurred on by resentment and nationalism against GB • May 10, 1857-Sepoys rebelled (joined by Indian soldiers) and took Delhi • took more than a year for East India Co to gain control • led to full colonization of most of India called the RAJ.

39. demand a greater role in governing • creation of: • Indian National Congress-1855 • Mix of all Indians • Muslim League-1906 • Just Muslim Indians • Goal: push for independence and protection of Muslim rights Strong tension continues to develop b/w Hindus and Muslims as nationalism increases Long-term outcomes of colonization

40. Hindus vs. Muslims • Hindus outnumbered Muslim Indians 2:1 • history of poor treatment of Hindus by Muslim Mughal Dynasty caused distrust b/w two groups • many Hindus favored GB over Mughal Dynasty • GB used religious division of Indians to their advantage

41. Before / after map quiz 3….