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Europeans Explore the East

Europeans Explore the East. Chapter 19 Section 1. Key Terms. Bartolomeu Dias Prince Henry Vasco da Gama Treaty of Tordesillas Dutch East India Company. The Drive to Explore. Driven by search for wealth Desired expensive spices, silk, perfume from India and China

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Europeans Explore the East

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  1. Europeans Explore the East Chapter 19 Section 1

  2. Key Terms • Bartolomeu Dias • Prince Henry • Vasco da Gama • Treaty of Tordesillas • Dutch East India Company

  3. The Drive to Explore • Driven by search for wealth • Desired expensive spices, silk, perfume from India and China • Flow of good to Europe controlled by the Italians • Some people wanted fame and glory

  4. The Drive to Explores • Hoped to spread faith into new lands • Writings by Marco Polo intrigued explorers • Introduced to different goods the Crusaders • Muslims and Italians controlled goods from the East to West

  5. Advances in Technology • Compass and astrolabe helped in navigation • Compass always pointed North • Astrolabe used the moon and stars • Ships built to ride lower in the water • Capable of withstanding heavier waves

  6. Advances in Technology • Had larger cargo holds • Caravel- a light fast ship, highly maneuverable • Steered from a rudder in the stern • Triangular sails to catch the wind • Could be used to sail directly into the wind

  7. Advances in Technology • Could be equipped with cannon • Could face hostile ships • Popular because of maneuverability and defensive ability

  8. Explorers from Spain and Portugal • Portugal- first country with large scale voyages • Henry the Navigator-the prince was a patron of the explorers • 1400’s Henry established a small court

  9. Prince Henry • 1415 helped to conquer Muslims in North Africa • Saw dazzling wealth beyond Europe • Portuguese found • Pepper • Cinnamon • Cloves and other spices • Gold, silver, and jewels

  10. Explorers from Portugal and Spain • Sailors • Mapmakers • Astronomers • People interested in navigation • Explored the Atlantic • Western coast of Africa • Settled in the Azores and Madeira islands

  11. Explorers from Portugal and Spain • Portuguese sailors learned Africa’s coast • Gold and slave trade • Goal to find a water route around Africa to India • 1488 Bartolomeu Dias first European to sail around southern Africa

  12. Explorers from Portugal and Spain • 1497 Vasco de Gama set out for India • 10 months to reach India • Learned about Muslim traders • Rounded Africa in 1498 • Explored Africa’s east coast

  13. Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia • Port Calicut in India • Amazed at the stores filled with • Spices • Rare silks • Precious gems • Cargo was worth 60 times the cost of the voyage • Trip 27,000 miles

  14. Explorers from Portugal and Spain • Portuguese established trading centers in India • Sailed to lands in Indonesia • Became one of the richest and most powerful people

  15. Portugal’s Trading Empire • Portugal built a fort at Hormuz • Had control of the strait of Hormuz • Stopped Muslim traders from reaching Spain • Wanted to crush Muslim-Italian domination over Asian trade

  16. The Spanish • 1492 Isabella and Ferdinand agreed to pay for Christopher Columbus’s voyage • Though he could sail west to China • Theory correct, size of the earth was wrong • Reached the Caribbean

  17. The Spanish • Thought he reached Asian islands after two months • Called the people Indians • Returned to Spain in 1493 • Brought back native Americans, gold silver, parrots, plants

  18. The Spanish • Columbus made three more trips • Opened door to colonization • Portuguese thought Columbus claimed land for Spain that they reached first

  19. Spain Also Makes Claim • Rivalry between Spain and Portugal grew more tense • Pope Alexander VI stepped in to keep the peace • Pope drew a line in the Atlantic

  20. Treaty of Tordesillas • All lands to the West of the line went to Spain • Lands to the East Portugal • Spain included most of the lands in the Americas • Portugal received modern day Brazil

  21. Other Nations Challenge Portugal • 1600 English and Dutch challenged Portugal’s dominance • Netherlands leading sea power with 20,000 ships • Pressure from English and Dutch Eroded Portugal’s influence

  22. East India Company • Both countries formed the company • Had power to • Mint money • Make Treaties • Raise their own armies • Dutch East India Company richer and more powerful • Drove out the English

  23. Dutch Trade Outpost • Dutch establish headquarters on the island of Java • 1600’s extended its control of the India Ocean • 1700’s Amsterdam became a leading commercial center • Controlled the Cape of Good Hope

  24. British and French Traders • 1700 Britain and France gain a foothold • England focused energy on India • Traded Indian cloth to Europe • France faced attacks by the Dutch • Establish an Indian outpost by 1720

  25. British and French Traders • Europeans battled for Indian Ocean Trade • Influence in Southeast Asia Limited • European traders did take control of many port towns • People of Asia remained unaffected by European contact

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