Basic concept of Dual layer DVD-R

1. Basic conceptof Dual layer DVD-R

2. Concept of DVD-R • Recorded signal characteristics is almost same as DVD-ROM media • Reflectivity, Focus/Tracking signal • Sector layout is same as DVD-ROM media • ECC block, LSN=PSN-30000h(LPP adr.=PSN) • Control Data Zone structure is same as DVD-ROM • Many DVD-ROM drives/players can read DVD-R media after closing of Border/Disc • Pre-recorded • Extension by R-Physical format information Zone • Incremental recording and multi-border recording

3. DVD-R recording status & usage Disc status FS/ Application Data update cycle Data update complete Recorder compatible Open Close Border ROM incompatible state ROM compatible state Open Close Disc Data can be added No more data can be added ① Record/Edit Finalized Disc-at-once recording Usage ② Recorder compatible ROM drive compatible ③ Vendor unique recording Incremental recording ① E.g., DVD-Video recording Multi-border recording ② E.g., DVD-VR recording ③ E.g., DVD-VR recording, PC data recording

4. Concept of dual layer DVD-R • Media capacity is same as Dual DVD-ROM media 8.54GB • Usage on Single layer disc can be used on Dual layer disc • Only Opposite Track Path was specified in version 2.9 to avoid user confusion • Use available media capacity as much as possible • Incremental recording is able to be continued after Border closing • After Border closing, the disc is readable by legacy ROM drives/players as much as possible • At least the first Border should be readable by legacy drives. Opposite Track Path disc L1 Lead-out Data area Middle area L0 Lead-in Data area Middle area Recording direction

5. To make the disc readable by ROM Drives/Players • ROM drive/player’s Pick-up head (PUH) needs to avoid entering an unrecorded area. Otherwise it may cause a problem due to different tracking servo mechanism between ROM devices and R devices. • When a disc needs to be read by ROM drives/players, L1 needs to be recorded where the L0 is already recorded. Buffer zones such as Lead-in/out, Middle area shall also be recorded. L1 Unrecorded L0 Recorded Unrecorded NG  Not ROM compatible Buffer Zone L1 Recorded Unrecorded L0 Recorded Unrecorded OK  ROM compatible

6. Example -1 • When a disc is mounted, L1 may be focused at a initial disc recognition. L1 Unrecorded area L0 Lead-in Recorded area Border-out Unrecorded NG OK To make the disc compatible with ROM When layer 1 is focused at first, PUH enters an unrecorded area • All unrecorded area shall be recorded. L1 Lead-out MA L0 Lead-in Recorded area Lead-out MA Remark: Lead-out recording takes long time even if actual user data size is small. No more recording is allowed when a disc is made compatible with ROM. OK OK

7. Example - 2 • When seek operation occurs between L0 and L1, the seek path may enter • unrecorded area. When PUH moves on this seek path, PUH enters an unrecorded area. NG Border-out Recorded area MA L1 Unrecorded area L0 Lead-in Recorded area MA OK To make the disc compatible with ROM OK Lead-out Recorded area MA L1 L0 Lead-in Recorded area MA OK Remark: Lead-out recording takes long time even if actual user data size is small. No more recording is allowed when a disc is made compatible with ROM.

8. Problem of Format 1 RMD on Dual layer • In case of single layer disc, a disc becomes ROM compatible by closing of Border. However, in case of dual layer disc, closing of Border does not make the disc compatible with ROM due to remaining unrecorded area. • For dual layer disc, to make the disc compatible with ROM, all unrecorded area must be filled up when Format 1 RMD is used. In this case, no more data recording can be performed. • Format 1 RMD can be used to record DVD-Video format by DAO recording. Border closing is meaningless in terms of compatibility with ROM drives/players L1 Unrecorded area L0 Lead-in Recorded area Border-out Unrecorded Not readable by ROM drives/players

9. Necessity of Format 4 RMD • Format 4 RMD is newly defined to solve Format 1 RMD problem. • By using Format 4 RMD, contiguous areas on both L0 and L1 can be reserved as one R-Zone. Therefore, when Border is closed, the recorded area becomes ROM compatible. • When Multi-Border recording is applied, new data can be recorded after the Border closing. E.g., Recorded disc with Format 4 RMD Reserved RZones N 2X-G X+1 Lead-out Recorded area B-out Unrecorded area L1 B-out Unrecorded area L0 Lead-in Recorded area X LSN 0 G E.g., Multi-Border recorded disc with Format 4 RMD Lead-out BO BI Unrecorded L1 Recorded Recorded BO BO BI Unrecorded L0 Lead-in Recorded Recorded BO

10. Pre-recorded Control Data Zone • For DVD-R, Control Data Zone is pre-written. So the value of the end address of L0 is fixed. Logical Volume space is always fixed size. • From file system point of view, there is unrecorded area in file system volume space. • Above situation does not cause problem because FS/Application never accesses this unrecorded area. • This is same situation as the current single layer DVD-R. ROM compatible Dual layer disc Lead-out MA Recorded area Unrecorded area BO L1 Lead-in Recorded area Unrecorded area BO MA L0 End address of L0 ROM compatible Single layer disc Lead-in Recorded area Unrecorded area BO Lead-out End address of Data Zone Pre-recorded Control data zone