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2. APF_Presentation_v.1.1_ENG

Avalanche Proton Fusion Technology Presentation

Vladimir1956
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2. APF_Presentation_v.1.1_ENG

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  1. Avalanche proton fusion (APF): an unlimited Source of energy for the nearest future © Project Avalanche, 2013

  2. LANR: main principles • APF = Avalanche Proton Fusion, a type of LANR (Lattice-Assisted Nuclear Reaction) • Protons fuse in a specific crystal lattice forming heavier elements in an avalanche-type reaction • We call this “Avalanche fusion”. It is a chain-type reaction taking place at (relatively) low temperatures • Each act of fusion releases a portion of energy • Radiation by-products are weak and soft • Reaction of fusion produces light, middle, and heavy stable elements • Energy potential of Avalanchereaction is tremendous. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  3. Avalanche Fusion process (AF). Stage 0. Dissociation of H2 into atoms (Protons) H H H H H H H H H H 1H 1H 1H 1H To start animation, hit Space © Project Avalanche, 2013

  4. AF Stage 1. Load of Lattice and orientation of protons. • Early Stage… • 1Н1+ 1Н1=> 2He2(*) + e- =>2D1(*) • 1-st Cascade • 2D1 (*) + 1Н1+ e- => 3T1 (*) (1) • 2D1(*) + 1Н1=> 3Нe2(*) (2) W1+W2+W3 = 100% • 2D1(*) + 2D1=> 4Нe2(*) (3) • 2-nd Cascade • 3He2(*) + 3Нe2=> 6Li3(*) => 6Li3 • 3Нe2(*) + 4He2=> 7Li3(*) => 7Li3 • 4Нe2(*) + 3He2=> 7Li3(*) => 7Li3 © Project Avalanche, 2013

  5. 2H 2H 2H 2H 2H 6Li 4He AF Process Diagram 1 – Single-step reaction link2D+2D => 4He* => 4He 2 – Two-step reaction link: 2D+2D => 4He* +2D => 6Li* => 6Li To start animation, hit Space, then again. Star denotes energy discharge © Project Avalanche, 2013

  6. Primary Fusion of Protons in the lattice (Helium + E) e- To start animation, hit Space 2H 1H 1H 1H 2H 2He 1H 2He 4He e- A model structure of the proton fusion channel (polyhedral view) If two Protons are implanted into specific crystal matrix, they orient their spines parallel to each other. When it happens, long-range attraction force makes them SPONTANEOUSLY fuse with each other into Deuteron. This is the PRIMARY ACT of AVALANCHE NUCLEAR FUSION. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  7. Later Stage: Forming Tritium e- e- 1H 1H 1H 3H 2He 3He 2H To start animation, hit Space © Project Avalanche, 2013

  8. The Principles of Avalanche Fusion (an alternative to Widom-Larsen Theory) • After each act of fusion there are two alternatives: • 1 – continue fusion with a neighbor or • 2 – release heat and become unable to react • 1Н1+ 1Н1=> 2He2 (*) + e- =>2D1(*) • Further stages: Nucleosynthesis of Oxygen © Project Avalanche, 2013

  9. Example with nucleosynthesis of Gold Avalanche fusion channel of Gold { H>He>Li>B>Ne>Ca>Sr>Ag>Au} goes through 109Ag. Participation of 197At is necessary. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  10. Energy of Proton-Proton Interactionas a function of distance and spine orientation Energy, MeV Our model calculation Attraction (due to “nuclear” force) Distance, fermi See slide 29 of Approach Presentation © Project Avalanche, 2013

  11. Theoria cum Praxis • There are about two hundreds of theories on different stages of development, however… • There is no theory adequately (numerically) explaining or predicting the process – except APF. • Till recently there was no commercially viable prototypes. First appeared Oct. 2011 • While competition is moving mostly intuitively – we’ve got fully-fledged working numerical model. © Project Avalanche, 2013

  12. Experimental Stand • Self-made / self-funded • Able to provide only qualitative results • See separate Experimental Movie (May 2012) © Project Avalanche, 2013

  13. Scientific and Practical Conclusions • Coulomb’s law at small distances works differently depending on spine of Protons orientation in a crystal lattice • Electrical potential is an independent and elementary substance equivalent to the nuclear force at Fermi distances • Spherical symmetry of the electric field is violated in favor of it’s axial symmetry. • Driving force is the aspiration to the minimum of the full energy of the electric field. • Specific spatial distribution of the electric charge density on very small distances leadsto corresponding potential gradients causing forces identical to nuclear forces. © Project Avalanche, 2013

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