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Kinetics

Kinetics. What is kinetics?. Kinetics deals with the speed (or rate) at which chemical reactions occur, . - the factors which affect this rate. - the reaction mechanism or the actual steps and. - energies involved in the overall reaction. What is Reaction Rate?.

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Kinetics

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  1. Kinetics • What is kinetics? Kinetics deals with the speed (or rate) at which chemical reactions occur, - the factors which affect this rate - the reaction mechanism or the actual steps and - energies involved in the overall reaction.

  2. What is Reaction Rate? • Reaction rate may be defined as the number of atoms, ions, or molecules which are being produced or that are reacting in a given time.

  3. Iron rusts slowly, but wood burns quickly - different reactions occur at different speeds. The speed of a reaction also depends on the reactants. Sugar oxidizes (burns) rapidly in a flame, slowly in a living cell and not at all on a on a pantry shelf. Having a knowledge of reaction rates enables us to apply the knowledge to better our lives. We put food in the refrigerator to retard (slow) spoilage, and put catalytic converters on cars to speed up the conversion of pollutants into harmless gases.

  4. Chemistry 3202 – Unit 1: From Kinetics to Equilibrium • When chemicals are synthesized inindustry, the reaction conditions are carefully chosen to produce the maximum yield of product in the shortest period of time.

  5. Methods of Measuring Reaction Rate • Measuring a change in the mass of a species (reactant or product) • The change in colour of the reaction mixture • The change in pH • The change in volume

  6. Kinetic Molecular Theory The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the forces between molecules and the energy that they possess. This theory has 3 basic assumptions. 1. Matter is composed of small particles (molecules, ions, atoms). The measure of space that the particles occupy (volume) is derived from the space in between the particles and not the space the particles contain themselves. 2. The particles are in constant motion. This motion is different for the 3 states of matter.

  7. Liquid- particles will flow or glide over one another, but stay toward the bottom of the container. Motion is a bit more random than that of a solid. The particles actually move from one location to another. Gas- particles are in continual straight-line motion. The kinetic energy of the particle is greater than the attractive force between them, thus they are much farther apart and move freely of each other.

  8. 3. The higher the temperature the faster the particles move.

  9. Evidence to Support the KMT pressure A balloon stays inflated due to the ideas of the KMT. According to KMT, the gas particles are in constant motion and are as far apart as possible. diffusion Scents from perfumes diffuses from a wearer across a room .

  10. Collision Theory What do we need in order for a chemical reaction to take place? - collisions between reactingspecies - collisions with enough energy/force to react - collisions with the correct orientation

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