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PSC 4012

PSC 4012. Ionic Phenomena: A study of an environmental problem. PSC 4012: Nomenclature. Element: molecule of only one element. Example: Au (Gold), Ag (Silver) Diatomic molecules: molecule of one element, two atoms. Example: Cl 2 (Chlorine ), N 2 (Nitrogen)

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PSC 4012

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  1. PSC 4012 Ionic Phenomena: A study of an environmental problem

  2. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Element: molecule of only one element. Example: Au (Gold), Ag (Silver) Diatomic molecules: molecule of one element, two atoms. Example: Cl2 (Chlorine), N2 (Nitrogen) Binary compounds: molecule of two elements, two or more atoms. Example: NaCl (Sodium Chloride), Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide) Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. Example: H2SO4 (Sulfuric Acid)

  3. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Element: molecule of only one element. Example: Au (Gold), Ag (Silver) Diatomic molecules: molecule of one element, two atoms. Example: Cl2 (Chlorine), N2 (Nitrogen) Rules for naming: • Simply state the name of the element (according to Periodic Table) • No need to use prefixes (unless indicated, if writing chemical formula for diatomic molecules)

  4. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary compounds: molecule of two elements, two or more atoms. Example: NaCl (Sodium Chloride), Al2O3 (Aluminum Oxide) Two types of binary compounds: • Binary molecular compounds (between two non-metals) • Binary ionic compounds (between a metal and a non-metal)

  5. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary molecular compounds: molecule of two non-metal elements. Rules for naming: • Name first element in formula first (name remains unchanged) • Name second element in formula second. Change its last syllable (or last two syllables) to (-ide) • Use prefixes according to the subscripts present for each element

  6. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Page 4.6

  7. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary molecular compounds: molecule of two non-metal elements. Example: HI • First element is hydrogen (H), stays the same • Second element is iodine (I), changes to iodide • Compound’s name: hydrogen iodide

  8. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary molecular compounds: molecule of two non-metal elements. Example: N2O4 • First element is hydrogen (N), stays the same. Needs to add prefix, 2 atoms, so “dinitrogen” • Second element is oxygen (O), changes to oxide. Needs to add prefix, 4 atoms, so “tetraoxide” • Compound’s name: dinitrogen tetraoxide

  9. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary molecular compounds: molecule of two non-metal elements. Practice: P2S5 • First element is phosphorous (P), stays the same. Needs to add prefix, 2 atoms, so “diphospohorous” • Second element is sulphur (S), changes to sulphide. Needs to add prefix, 5 atoms, so “pentasulphide” • Compound’s name: diphosphorouspentasulphide

  10. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary molecular compounds: molecule of two non-metal elements. Example: Write the chemical formula of Sulphur trioxide • First element mentioned appears first in formula: sulphur, so S • Second element mentioned, appears second in formula: oxide, which refers to oxygen, so O • According to prefixes, there are 1 S and 3 O • Compound’s formula: SO3

  11. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary molecular compounds: molecule of two non-metal elements. Practice: Write the chemical formula of dinitrogen pentaoxide • First element mentioned appears first in formula: nitrogen, so N • Second element mentioned, appears second in formula: oxide, which refers to oxygen, so O • According to prefixes, there are 2 N and 5 O • Compound’s formula: N2O5

  12. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Rules for naming: • Name the cation, first element in formula, first (name remains unchanged) • When cation has more than one possible charge, a roman numeral in bracket, should follow cation’s name (mainly for transition metals, e.g. Cu, Fe, etc.) Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • Name the anion changing its last syllable (or last two syllables) to (-ide) • No prefixes are used

  13. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Example: KBr • First element in formula is cation potassium (K+) • Second element in formula is anion bromide (Br -) • Compound’s name: potassium bromide

  14. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Example: CaCl2 • First element in formula is cation calcium (Ca2+) • Second element in formula is anion chloride (Cl -) • Compound’s name: calcium chloride

  15. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Example: CuCl2 • First element in formula is cation copper (Cu2+) • Second element in formula is anion chloride (Cl -) • Compound’s name: copper (II) chloride

  16. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Practice: CaO • First element in formula is cation calcium (Ca2+) • Second element in formula is anion oxide (O2-) • Compound’s name: calcium oxide

  17. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Practice: Fe3N2 • First element in formula is cation iron (Fe2+) • Second element in formula is anion nitride (N3-) • Compound’s name: iron(II) nitride

  18. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Example: Write the chemical formula of Magnesium sulphide • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: magnesium, so Mg2+ • No roman numeral • Second, anion mentioned, which appears second: sulphide, so S2- • Both ionsare Mg2+ and S2- • Crossover rule: Mg2S2 • Chemical formula: MgS

  19. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Example: Write the chemical formula of iron (III) oxide • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: iron, so Fe2+ or Fe3+ (Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Roman numeral: III, so charge is 3+, therefore Fe3+ • Second, anion mentioned, which appears second: oxide, so O2- • Both ionsare Fe3+ and O2- • Crossover rule: Fe2O3 • Chemical formula: Fe2O3

  20. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Practice: Write the chemical formula of lithium carbide • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: lithium, so Li+ • No roman numeral • Second, anion mentioned, which appears second: carbide, so C4- • Both ions are Li+ and C4- • Crossover rule: Li4C • Chemical formula: Li4C

  21. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Binary ionic compounds: molecule of a metal and a non-metal. Practice: Write the chemical formula of copper (II) fluoride • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: copper, so Cu1+ or Cu2+ (Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Roman numeral: II, so charge is 2+, therefore Cu2+ • Second, anion mentioned, which appears second: fluoride, so F- • Both ions are Cu2+and F- • Crossover rule: CuF2 • Chemical formula: CuF2

  22. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Rules for naming: • Name the cation, first element in formula, first (name remains unchanged) • When cation has more than one possible charge, a roman numeral in bracket, should follow cation’s name (mainly for transition metals, e.g. Cu, Fe, etc.) Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • Name the polyatomic anion Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • No prefixes are used

  23. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Example: CaSO4 • First element in formula is cation calcium (Ca2+) • Second element in formula is polyanion sulphate (SO42-) Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • Compound’s name: calcium sulphate

  24. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Example: CuCrO4 • First element in formula is cation copper (Cu1+or Cu2+) Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • Second element in formula is polyanion chromate (CrO42-) Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • According to formula, and crossover rule, cation must be Cu2+ (Cu2+ CrO42- = CuCrO4 instead of Cu2CrO4 for Cu1+) • Compound’s name: copper (II) chromate

  25. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Practice: BaCO3 • First element in formula is cation calcium (Ba2+) • Second element in formula is polyanioncarbonate (CO32-) Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • Compound’s name: barium carbonate

  26. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Practice: Fe3(PO4) 2 • First element in formula is cation iron (Fe2+or Fe3+) • Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • Second element in formula is polyanionphosphate (PO43-) Table 4.1, p. 4.13 • According to formula, and crossover rule, cation must be Fe2+ (Fe2+ PO43-= Fe3(PO4) 2 instead of FePO4for Fe3+) • Compound’s name: iron (II) phosphate

  27. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Example: Write the chemical formula of Magnesium sulphate • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: magnesium, so Mg2+ • No roman numeral • Second, polyanion mentioned, which appears second: sulphate, so SO42- (Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Both ionsare Mg2+ and SO42- • Crossover rule: Mg2(SO42-)2 • Chemical formula: MgSO4

  28. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Example: Write the chemical formula of iron (III) carbonate • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: iron, so Fe2+ or Fe3+ (Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Roman numeral: III, so charge is 3+, therefore Fe3+ • Second, polyanion mentioned, which appears second: carbonate, so CO32-(Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Both ionsare Fe3+ and CO32- • Crossover rule: Fe2(CO3)3 • Chemical formula: Fe2(CO3)3

  29. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Practice: Write the chemical formula of Sodium nitrate • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: sodium, so Na+ • No roman numeral • Second, polyanionmentioned, which appears second: nitrate, so NO3- (Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Both ions are Na+and NO3- • Crossover rule: Na NO3 • Chemical formula: Na NO3

  30. PSC 4012: Nomenclature Complex compounds: molecules of more than two elements. (Polyatomic ions) Example: Write the chemical formula of copper (II) borate • First, cation mentioned, which appears first in formula: copper, so Cu+ or Cu2+ (Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Roman numeral: II, so charge is 2+, therefore Cu2+ • Second, polyanion mentioned, which appears second: borate, so BO33-(Table 4.1, p. 4.13) • Both ions are Cu2+ and BO33- • Crossover rule: Cu3(BO3)2 • Chemical formula: Cu3(BO3)2

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