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History of Evolutionary Thought

History of Evolutionary Thought. Engage. Can you tell a chicken from a fish? A human from a turtle? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/guess-embryo.html Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity

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History of Evolutionary Thought

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  1. History of Evolutionary Thought

  2. Engage • Can you tell a chicken from a fish? A human from a turtle? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/beta/evolution/guess-embryo.html • Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity • When you are done get your INB ready for cornell notes on the History of Evolutionary Thought. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/teachers/activities/2317_odyultim.html#answer

  3. The Evolution of Evolution Catastrophism  Uniformatiarianism Lamarck  Darwin

  4. Problems with Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution • Inheritance Of Acquired Traits • Traits Acquired During Ones Lifetime Would Be Passed To Offspring What happened in 30-50 MY’s?

  5. Contributor’s to Darwin’s thinking included: : • Charles Lyell - proposed earth formed MYA not thousands of years ago • Thomas Malthus – struggle for existence through available resources

  6. Contributor’s to Darwin’s thinking included: : • John Baptiste Lamarck 1700’s – Inheritance of acquired CharacteristicsandLaw of Use and Disuse • Alfred Russel Wallace – came to the same conclusions as Darwin

  7. Hardy-Weinberg– researched changesin allelic frequencies. For example, what might happen in a population of mice, if their ability to run quickly and escape predation was due to a single genetic trait?

  8. Linnaeus • 1st to group similar organisms and assign them Latin names (Taxonomy) • Binomial Nomenclature (Genus species)

  9. Charles Darwin the Naturalist

  10. Voyage of the Beagle Charles Darwin • Wrote On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection AKA The Origin • Fossil Record • Taxonomy • Comparative Anatomy • Comparative Embryology • Biogeography

  11. Darwin Left England in 1831 Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836

  12. The Galapagos Islands • Small Group of Islands 1000 km West of South America • Very Different Climates • Animals On Islands Unique • Tortoises • Iguanas • Finches

  13. What differences do you see in the Galapagos Islands Tortoises?

  14. The Galapagos Islands • Finches resembled a mainland finch • More types of finches appeared where the available food was different (seeds, nuts, berries, insects…) • Finches had different types of beaks adapted to type of food gathering…ex of:Speciation

  15. How did the finch speciation occur? What environmental, genetic, physical changes took place?

  16. Explore your choice of activities • What a Beak Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate on speciation/ natural selection • Peppered Moth Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used to elaborate natural selection due to environmental changes. • Easter Island Activity (UTDanaCtr) can be used for natural selection due to human impact • Natural Selection lab can be used

  17. Evidence of Evolution Day three

  18. Evolution Basics • Evolution is a gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time. The structures, behaviors, interactions, and internal processes observed in the millions of species on this planet are the result of the process of evolution. • Charles Darwin stated that evolution by natural selection explained how populations of organisms evolve.

  19. Evidence to support Evolution • Embryology • DNA sequences • Fossils • Anatomical structures

  20. 1. Embryology • Similarity in embryo development shows a closerelationship (vertebrate embryos all have tail & gill slits) Sure you can…complete “Timing is everything” activity

  21. 2.DNA by comparing the DNA sequencesof two organisms or the amino acid sequences made from the DNA, scientists can learn which organisms are related; the more DNA two organisms have in common, the closer related they are

  22. Using the table, compare the amino acid sequence of the chimp and the human. Notice that for this protein the chimp and human have the exact same sequence. Now compare the baboon and the human. Notice that there are 5 differences in the sequence. This tells you that the human is more closely related to the chimp than the baboon.

  23. 1: GGC ATG TTA 2. GGC GTT TTA 3. GGC TCT TTA

  24. Fossils • In undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the deeper it is, the older it is. • Give us information about extinct species.

  25. Anatomical structures • An inherited trait that increases the population’s chances of survival and reproduction is an adaptation

  26. homologous structures: • structure with different functions found in different species and thought to be inherited from common ancestors ex: whales, cats and birds all have the same # and type of bones in the forelimbs but their functions are different

  27. analogous structures: • have the different structures but the same function & do not show a close relationship • Come up with your own examples

  28. Evolution • DNA Sequences • phylogeny • survival of the fittest • homologous structures • anatomical similarities • analogous structures • natural selection • embryology • sedimentary rock • variation • adaptation • vestigial organs • speciation • fossils • camouflage • mutation • mimicry • speciation • niche • species • extinction • common ancestor

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