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Blood

Blood. Blood. Essential Life Supportive Fluid Transported in Closed System Throughout Body Through Blood Vessels Connective Tissue = Cells + Matrix. Physical Characteristics. Viscous pH 7.35 – 7.45 Temperature: 38 degrees C; 100.4 degrees F 7% - 8% of total body weight

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Blood

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  1. Blood

  2. Blood • Essential Life Supportive Fluid • Transported in Closed System Throughout Body Through Blood Vessels • Connective Tissue = Cells + Matrix

  3. Physical Characteristics • Viscous • pH 7.35 – 7.45 • Temperature: 38 degrees C; 100.4 degrees F • 7% - 8% of total body weight • Males: 5 – 6 liters • Females: 4 – 5 liters

  4. Functions of Blood • Transportation • Regulation • Protection

  5. Formed Elements • Erythrocytes: (RBCs) • Leukocytes (WBCs) • Platelets

  6. General Characteristics of Formed Elements • Living blood cells • 2 out of 3 are NOT true cells • Most are short lived • Most do not divide • Hematopoiesis occurs in liver, spleen, thymus, & bone marrow

  7. Plasma • Liquid portion: 90-92% water with fibrous proteins (fibrin) • Straw colored • Clear, sticky fluid

  8. Proteins • Nutrients • Hormones • Electrolytes • Respiratory gases

  9. Functions of Plasma • Suspends blood cells & transports blood cells • Carries metabolic wastes & nutrients • Circulates hormones Maintains water content and body temperature • Maintains acid-base balance of blood

  10. Erythrocytes • Shape: biconcave disc • Spectrin (fibrous protein)  flexibility to change shape • Mature  anucleate • 4 – 5.5 million per cubic millimeter • Lifespan: 100 – 120 days • 97% is hemoglobin • Erythropoiesis

  11. Leukocytes/WBCs Surveillance, Fighters, Protectors

  12. 5 Types of WBCs • Neutrophils: granulocyte • Eosinophil: granulocyte • Basophil: granulocyte • Lymphocyte: agranulocyte • Monocyte: agranulocyte

  13. Neutrophils • Nuclei: 3-6 lobes; polymorphonuclear leukocytes (polys) or segmented neutrophils (segs) • Increase in %  bacterial or some fungal infections • Destroy bacteria by phagocytosis • Life span: 0.5 – 9 days

  14. Eosinophil • Nucleus: 2 lobes, large red granules • 1 – 4% of all WBCs • Participate in allergic reactions • Increase in %  possible parasitic infection (i.e. flatworms – tapeworms, flukes; roundworms – pinworms, hookworms) or allergic response to antigen-antibody complex • Lifespan: 0.5 – 9 days

  15. Basophils • Large coarse purple granules with histamine (inflammatory chemical that acts as vasodilator & attracts other WBCs to the inflamed site) • Mast cells = similar • Release heparin & histamine • Lifespan: 0.5 – 9 days

  16. Lymphocytes • Nucleus: large, dark purple spherical • Increase in %  possible viral infection • T & B cells • Produce antibodies • T cells act directly against virus infected cells & tumor cells • B cells  plasma cells  antibodies (Ig’s) • Lifespan: a few days to decades

  17. Monocytes • Nucleus: dark purple kidney or U-shaped with gray blue cytoplasm • In tissues  become macrophages • Increase in %  possible chronic infections i.e. TB & certain viruses & intracellular parasites • Activate lymphocytic immune response • Lifespan: several months

  18. Platelets

  19. Platelets • Thrombocytes • Involved in blood clotting • Small cytoplasmic fragments from megakaryocyte • 250,000 – 400,000 per microliter • Lifespan: live only 10 days • Aspirin inactivates the platelets

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