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Evolution of Data Representation in Computer Systems

Explore the progression from vacuum tubes to silicon chips, binary language, CPU components, and storage devices in computer systems. Learn about input, output, and communication devices used in modern networks.

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Evolution of Data Representation in Computer Systems

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  1. BT 1005Managing Information Lecture 2 Data Representation, Storage and Transmission

  2. Contents • Processing Evolution • Data Representation • Components • Networks • Summary

  3. Processing Evolution • Vacuum Tube – 5,000/100,000 cps • Transistors – 250,000 cps • Integrated Circuits • Silicon Chips – 3/5 million cps • Digital Circuits • Still (basically) switches

  4. Data Representation • Binary language • Bits • Bytes • ASCII code http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascii

  5. Components • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • Primary Storage • Secondary Storage • Input Devices • Output Devices • Communications Devices

  6. CPU • The Control Unit • The Arithmetic Logic Unit • Register Storage Area • Processing power (clock speed) • GHz • Gigahertz: a thousand million (billion) cycles per second • Until recently measured in megahertz (MHz)

  7. Primary Storage • RAM (Random Access Memory) • Volatile • ROM (Read Only Memory) • Permanent • OS for example • Physically close to CPU • Working area for data and instructions

  8. Secondary Storage • Hard Drives (Measured in Gigabytes/Petabytes) • A gigabyte equals about 2.3 million pages of text • about the length of your final year dissertation! • Magnetic Disk • Optical Disk • CD (-R and RW) – 700Mb • DVD (-/+R and RW) – 4.5Gb • HD and Blu-ray (Blue laser technology) – x3 capacity • Magnetic Tape • Flash Drives/Cards

  9. Input Devices • Keyboard • Pointing Devices • Mouse • Touch screen • Source Data Automation • Voice Input • Digital Scanner (OCR) • Barcode reader • RFID

  10. Communication Devices • Multi-core Cable • Twisted-pair vs Coaxial • Fibre Optic Cable • Radio Link • Laser Link • Advantages and disadvantages to each

  11. Output Devices • Cathode Ray Tube • Digital Screen • Printer • Voice Output

  12. Computer Networks • Distributed Processing vs. Centralised Processing • Client / Server Computing

  13. Summary • The format of data has evolved with each technology but remains basically the same • Various methods exist to input, transmit and present output • Telecommunications technologies allow for networks to span continents

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