The Unification of Italy and Germany

1. The Unification of Italy and Germany 1850s-1870s

2. Nationalism • What is nationalism? • The belief that the greatest loyalty should be to a nation of people who share a common culture & history

3. Types of Nationalism • Nationalism that unifies culturally similar lands and people • Nationalism that separates culturally different lands and people

4. The Unification of Italy • Italian Unification • Italy forms from crumbling empires • 1815-1848 Italians want independence from foreign rulers • Cavour Leads Northern Italian Unification • Camillo di Cavour - Prime Minister of Kingdom of Sardinia (1852) • Gets French help to win control of Austrian-controlled Italian land

5. The Unification of Italy • Giuseppe Garibaldi Brings Unity • Leads nationalists who conquer southern Italy • Known as the “Red Shirts” for their attire during battle • Cavour convinces Garibaldi to unite southern Italy and Sardinia • Garibaldi steps aside, allowing King of Sardinia to rule • 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy

7. The Unification of Germany • Beginning in 1815: • German Confederation • Divided into 39 German states • Austria controlled the Confederation • Prussia lead the unification movement • Prussian Advantage • Very powerful army

8. The Unification of Germany • Prussia’s Prime Minister • Otto von Bismarck (1862) • Member of the “Junker” class • Conservative wealthy landowners • Used military force to achieve political gain

9. The Unification of Germany • Prussia Expands • Prussia & Austria fight Denmark, gain two provinces • Quick victory makes other German nations respect Prussia • Seven Weeks’ war • Prussia defeats Austria • Gains Austrian territory • East and West Prussia are united

10. The Unification of Germany • The Franco-Prussian War • Prussia defeats France • Wilhelm is crowned Kaiser – emperor of a united Germany • Bismarck creates a Germany united under Prussian dominance

12. THE END