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The Unification of Italy

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The Unification of Italy

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    1. The Unification of Italy History of the Modern World Pages 513-517

    2. Italy was a land area of many separate states prior to its unification..

    3. Machiavelli, several hundred years earlier, had despaired because Italy’s disunity made it weak and prey to foreign influence.

    4. This drive for a unified, glorious Italy was called the Risorgimento, or resurgence.

    5. Let’s take a look at the major areas of Italy prior to unification:

    6. The Catholic churches’ hold on Rome kept it out of unification for a while. The Church was dependent on French troops to keep it protected from uprisings. Napoleon III supplied these troops and they were in Rome for 20 years!

    7. The Papal states wanted to maintain independence and financial control…thus the Pope was not in favor of unification.

    8. There had been earlier patriots who sought unification. Giuseppe Mazzini had organized a “Young Italy” organization to build loyalty to the Italian nation.

    9. So someone needed to take the lead in pushing for a united Italy…what region would it be?

    10. Piedmont/Sardinia had a prime minister by Camille Cavour.

    11. He knew that in order for Italy to united, he would need Frances’ help to prevent Austria from moving in and preventing unification.

    12. So, Cavour sent troops to support France and Britain’s effort in the Crimean war.

    13. At this point, Napoleon agreed to support Piedmont against Austria.

    14. Cavour provoked a war with Austria, and so France and Piedmont went to war against the Austrian Empire.

    15. There were two battles, Magenta and Solferino—But at the last minute Napoleon III made a secret agreement with Austria, and so Venetia remained with the Austrians, while Lombardy went with Piedmont.

    16. The Italian States of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany and part of the Papal states had their governments collapse. They then agreed to join the Piedmont. So, at this point, a large part was united.

    17. Just out of curiosity—why did some of the papal states desert the pope and join with Piedmont? Well, lets read the story about Edgar Mortara…A Jewish boy who was kidnapped from his family and forced to become a Christian. This case embittered many against the papacy, and weakened its opposition to unification.

    18. So by 1860—this is how Italy stacked up: A Northern Italian Kingdom The papal states in the middle and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ruled by a Bourbon King in Naples.

    19. Napoleon III allows this—but takes Nice and Savoy, and they remain with France to this day (though many people in these areas speak Italian).

    20. A piedmont republican, named Giuseppe Garibaldi, organized a group of followers, called “red shirts”—he landed in Sicily then crossed to the mainland. The government of the Two Sicilies collapsed—very quickly they joined the Piedmont.

    21. So now lets look at Italian Unification….

    22. Everyone’s united except for Venetia and Rome.

    23. Venetia would join up in 1866 after helping Prussia against Austria…

    24. And Rome was finally made part of Italy after the French troops withdrew because of France’s defeat in the Franco Prussian war.

    25. Italy’s unification was complete.

    26. Now, let’s have a plate of spaghetti….

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