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From Human History to the Early Civilizations

1. From Human History to the Early Civilizations. The Era of Hunters and Gatherers. Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers The Neolithic Revolution Civilization The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations. The Era of Hunters and Gatherers. Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E.

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From Human History to the Early Civilizations

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  1. 1 From Human History to the Early Civilizations

  2. The Era of Hunters and Gatherers • Human Life in the Era of Hunters and Gatherers • The Neolithic Revolution • Civilization • The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations

  3. The Era of Hunters and Gatherers • Homo sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E. • Larger brain • Tools, weapons

  4. The Era of Hunters and Gatherers Paleolithic Culture • Developments by 12,000 B.C.E. • Hunting-gathering • Art • Spread to Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Americas

  5. The Spread of Human Populations, c. 10,000 B.C.E.

  6. The Era of Hunters and Gatherers End of the Paleolithic Age • Variety • Gender division of labor Settling Down: Dead Ends and Transitions • Central Russia • c. 18,000 to 10,000 B.C.E Natufian Complex

  7. The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E. Sedentary agriculture • Plants and Animals domesticated • Development of towns • Causes?

  8. The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E. The Domestication of Plants and Animals • Plants • Animals from 12,000 B.C.E.

  9. The Spread of Agriculture

  10. The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E. The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution • Hunting-and-gathering persists • Pastoralism • Sub-Saharan Africa • Root and tree crops

  11. The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E. The Spread of the Neolithic Revolution • Northern China • Rice • Mesoamerica, Peru • Maize, manioc, sweet potatoes

  12. The Neolithic Revolution –8000 to 3500 B.C.E. The Transformation of Material Life • Population Social Differentiation Settled Societies • Advantages

  13. Civilization ÇatalHüyük • c. 7000 B.C.E., southern Turkey Defining Civilization

  14. Civilization

  15. Civilization Sumeria • Tigris and Euphrates plain • Political and Social Organization • City-States • Kings • Priests

  16. Civilization Sumeria: Culture and Religion • Writing • Astronomy, numeric system • Religion

  17. A Translation of an Early Map

  18. Civilization The Akkadian Empire • Sargon I • c. 2400 B.C.E. • To Egypt and Ethiopia The Babylonian Empire • c. 1800B.C.E., unites under Hammurabi

  19. Mesopotamia in Maps

  20. Civilization Egyptian Civilization • Farming by 5000 B.C.E. • Civilization emerges by 3200 B.C.E. • Government

  21. Civilization Egyptian Ideas and Art • Hieroglyphic alphabet • Medicine • Religion

  22. Civilization Kush • Independent existence by 1000 B.C.E. • Conquered Egypt by 730B.C.E. • After Assyrian conquest of Egypt • Height from 250 B.C.E. to 50 C.E. • Defeated by Axum, c. 300 C.E.

  23. Egypt, Kush, and Axum

  24. Civilization Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared • Political form • Epic tradition

  25. Civilization The Indus River Valley • Harappan civilization, 3rd millennium B.C.E. • The Great Cities of the Indus ValleyHarappa, Mohenjo-Daro

  26. India in the Age of Harappa and the Early Aryan Migrations

  27. Civilization Beginnings of China • Longshan culture (2000-1500 B.C.E.) • Rulers associated with flood control • Religion • Ideographs

  28. The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations • Lasting impact of the first civilizations • Basic ideas about social structures • Basic differences between first cultures?

  29. The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations New societies in the Middle East • Phoenicians • Hebrews

  30. The Heritage of the River Valley Civilizations Assessing the river valley period • Basic tools of civilization • Writing • Mathematics • Political forms • Enduring divisions among global populations

  31. Global Connections:The Early Civilizations and the World Comparing Early Civilizations • Egypt largely isolated • Mesopotamia more open to the outside • China’s early influence not great • Harappan society in contact with Mesopotamia

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