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The Process of Sovietization: Political and Cultural Conformity in the Eastern Bloc

This overview explores the phases of Sovietization, detailing how nations underwent political and cultural conformity with the Soviet Union. Comprising three major phases—Anti-Fascist Coalition, Communist-Dominated Coalition, and Communist Control—Sovietization involved military control, the establishment of "popular fronts," and the suppression of genuine opposition. The analysis includes the Sovietization of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, examining the adherence to or divergence from the imposed blueprint and assessing the impact of the Churchill-Stalin Percentages Agreement on these outcomes.

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The Process of Sovietization: Political and Cultural Conformity in the Eastern Bloc

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  1. SOVIETIZATION: The process through which (1) political, as well as (2) cultural conformity with the Soviet Union was imposed upon another nation

  2. SOVIETIZATION: 3 Major Political Phases: A. Anti-fascist coalition B. Communist dominated coalition C. Communist control (via “salami tactics”)

  3. SOVIETIZATION PHASE A(Anti-Fascist Coalition) Establish Military Control Take control of key state elements (e.g. police, media, etc.) “Denazification” PHASE B(Communist-dominated Coalition) 4. “Loyal” communists imported from Moscow 5. Left-wing parties “encouraged” to form coalition with communists to create “popular fronts.”

  4. SOVIETIZATION 6. Popular fronts would form provisional governments with communists holding key/highest offices. 7. popular fronts would organize elections, which the communists would rig to assure a party victory. PHASE C (Communist Control) 8. Popular fronts would remain in name only and genuine opposition parties would be suppressed (i.e. “sliced off”)

  5. SOVIETIZATION 9. Support for communist regime comes from incorporation into the Eastern Bloc a. COMECON – coordinate economic policies (post-’49) b. Warsaw Pact – defensive alliance 10. Political and cultural “sovietization” would be imposed. a. Infiltration by GRU (foreign military intelligence) b. Education restructured c. censorship imposed

  6. SOVIETIZATION • Using these stages as the pattern, evaluate the sovietization of the following two countries: • Yugoslavia • Czechoslovakia • In what ways did these follow, or diverge, from the process blueprint? • To what degree did the Churchill-Stalin Percentage’s Agreement have an impact on these outcomes?

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