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Understanding Errors and Reliability in Software: Lessons from History

Chapter 8 delves into various types of errors in hardware and software, emphasizing their profound impact on reliability. From Grace Hopper's insights in 1945 to critical failures such as the Patriot missile incident and the Columbia space shuttle disaster, this chapter highlights the consequences of logical, syntax, and data errors. It also discusses identity theft risks and how personal information is compromised. The importance of software verification, reliability testing, and the necessity of stringent data protection measures are stressed, alongside historical lessons to minimize future risks.

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Understanding Errors and Reliability in Software: Lessons from History

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  1. Chapter 8 Errors and Reliability

  2. A Bug???? • Captain Grace Hopper – 1945 • Hardware vs software • Physical hardware problems • Logic problems • Syntax problems • Data problems

  3. Some Examples • 1992 – Patriot missile that failed • Really only about 10% success • Iran 655 Airbus shot down by missiles • 1987 British Air Defenses computer – delayed over 10 years • 1993 Surefire system from Russia

  4. More examples • Columbia space shuttle first launch – computer synchronization problem • Launch failure of Mariner 18 (missing NOT statement) • Splashdown of Gemini V over 100 miles away because of failure to take into account revolution of earth • Loss of 18.5 million rocket

  5. Some more examples • Hubble trouble • Korean Airlines shot down over Russia • 1988 – Airbus 320s have had several problems and crashed killing over 100 people • British Airways reported 10 incidents in one month where software errors caused changes of speed and direction

  6. More yet • Therac-25 • Britain – over a ten year period people didn’t receive enough radiation for cancer and only 447 out of 1,000 were still alive • Japanese mechanic killed by malfunctioning Kawasaki robot (other dealths also reported in Japan)

  7. More • Canada – release of thousands of liters of radioactive water • Shut down of Palo Alto nuclear power plant due to walkie-talkie • Translation problems “out of sight, out of mind: blind idiot” • Mistaken identities

  8. And even more • Payments for 0.0… • High telephone payments • High electric bill payments • Overpayment of electronic deposits after people have died • HERO – Hazarf of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance

  9. Yep – more still • Surplus computers sold with sensitive data • Pepsi bottle caps • 1992 computer unlocked all cell dorres in a high risk new County Jail • Y2K bugs

  10. Verification & Reliability • Data testing • Software Verification • Software Reliability • Software Consistency • Testing • Structured walkthroughs • Limited path testing • Program, interface, system

  11. Web sites • www.geekhumor.com • www.ccnr.org/fatal_dose.html • www.iht.com/articles/118457.html • www.jnd.org/dn.mss/error_design.html • www.vex.net/~smarry/oldbbs/errors.html

  12. Sites • www.ima.umn.edu/~arnold/455.f96/disasters.html • http://ta.twi.tudelft.nl/nw/users/vuik/wi211/disasters.html • http://www5.in.tum.de/~huckle/bugse.html

  13. Identity Theft • Minimize Your Risk • Choosing to Share Personal Information • Credit bureaus • Department of motor vehicles • Direct marketers

  14. How thieves get your info • Steal wallets and purses • Steal your mail • Complete change of address forms to divert your mail • Rummage through your trash, business as well • Fraudulently obtain credit report

  15. Getting your info continued • Find personal information in your home • Use personal information you share on the internet • Scam you • From workplace

  16. How they use your info • Call credit card issuer and ask to change address • Open a new credit card account • Create phone or wireless service in your name • Open a bank account in your name • File for bankruptcy

  17. How use continued • Use counterfeit checks or debit cards and drain bank accounts • Buy cars with loans in your name • Give your name to the police during an arrest

  18. Minimize your risk • Get copy of credit report from each of the 3 major credit bureaus • Equifax • Experian • TransUnion • Place passwords on credit card, bank and phone accounts

  19. Minimize continued • Secure personal information in home • Ask about information security measures in workplace • Don’t give out personal information on phone or internet • Guard your mail and trash • Don’t carry SSN – put in secure place

  20. Minimize continued • Only carry minimal credit cards and information • Pay attention to billing cycles • Be wary of promotional scam • Update your virus protection software regularly • Keep your purse or wallet in safe place

  21. Minimize continued • Don’t download files sent to you by strangers • Use a firewall program • Use a secure browser • Try not to store financial information on laptop • Before disposing of computing erase info

  22. If You’re a Victim • Place a fraud alert on your credit reports and review your credit reports • Close any accounts that have been tampered with or opened fraudulently • File a complaint with the FTC • File a report with local police

  23. Criminal Violations • Fake driver’s license • Investment fraud • Mail theft • Passpost fraud • Phone fraud • SSN theft and misuse • Tax fraud

  24. Laws • Federal • October 1998 • 18 U.S.C. #1028 • State • GA Code Ann. #16-9-120 through 128

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