1 / 35

Dispersion of the Gondwana continents Closing of Tethys Ocean

Major tectonic systems. Dispersion of the Gondwana continents Closing of Tethys Ocean Pacific System: rimmed by subduction zones East Pacific Rise moving towards the Americas Western Pacific island arcs. Major tectonic systems operating during the past 200 My.

zavad
Download Presentation

Dispersion of the Gondwana continents Closing of Tethys Ocean

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Major tectonic systems • Dispersion of the Gondwana continents • Closing of Tethys Ocean • Pacific System: rimmed by subduction zones • East Pacific Rise moving towards the Americas • Western Pacific island arcs

  2. Major tectonic systems operating during the past 200 My I. Fragmentation of the Gondwana super-continent • Creation of new Oceans • Atlantic • Indian • circum-Antarctic • formation of passive margins • Closing of Tethys Ocean: • complex Mediterranean – Middle East interactions • major continental collisions in central Asia • Australian-SE Asian collisions

  3. # 18 42.7 Ma Middle Eocene Indian Pacific connection Drake Passage

  4. #13 35.5 Ma Early Oligocene Indian Pacific connection Drake Passage

  5. #6, 20.5 Ma Early Miocene Indian Pacific connection Drake Passage

  6. Indian Pacific connection Drake Passage

  7. Formation of Circum-Antarctic Current >> isolation of Antarctica >> formation of ice sheet circum-Antarctic Current

  8. Formation of North Atlantic Deep water (thermo-haline convection system)

  9. Formation of continental passive margins continental shelf

  10. continental passive margins Sedimentation on subsiding continental shelf thinned continental crust oceanic crust

  11. Major tectonic systems operating during the past 200 My I. Fragmentation of the Gondwana super-continent • Creation of new Oceans • Atlantic • Indian • circum-Antarctic • formation of passive margins • Closing of Tethys Ocean: • complex Mediterranean – Middle East interactions • major continental collisions in central Asia • Australian-SE Asian collisions

  12. Earthquake depth 0-33 km 33-70 70-300 300-700 Complex intra-continental Mediterranean-central Asian “plate boundary” Indonesian (Sunda-Banda) island arc

  13. Topography for previous slide: note complex topography of Mediterranean-central Asian “plate boundary”.

  14. India moving northwards

  15. Himalayan evolution

  16. Indention of India into Asia The named dashed and dotted lines represent boundaries between terranes successively accreted to Asia. The accretion increases in age to the north: Indus Tsangbo, 40 Ma Banggong,160 Ma Jinsha, 200 Ma Kunlun, 255 Ma Tienshan, late Paleozoic The indentation has moved these sutures northwards The dotted areas show the regions of shearing that accomodated the northward indentation of India

  17. Tibetan plateau models

  18. Region of theTibetan Plateau Ignore white rectangle. The blue line shows the approximate location of the section shown in the third slide after this one.

  19. A recently published geological cross section See the section line (blue line) on the map shown in the third preceding slide. From Yin, A. and T.M. Harrison, 2000, Geologic Evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Orogen, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., v.28, 211-280.

  20. Central Asian active tectonics

  21. Major tectonic systems operating during the past 200 My II. Pacific System • East Pacific Rise (EPR) moving towards the Americas and away from Asia • Hot spot tracks • Rimmed by subduction zones • Western Pacific • Subducting old oceanic lithosphere • Formation of back-arc basins and island arcs • Eastern Pacific • Subducting young oceanic lithosphere • Andean type mountain building • Collision and accretion of exotic terranes • Collision of EPR with North America

  22. East Pacific Rise

  23. Major tectonic systems operating during the past 200 My II. Pacific System • East Pacific Rise (EPR) moving towards the Americas and away from Asia • Hot spot tracks • Rimmed by subduction zones • Western Pacific • Subducting old oceanic lithosphere • Formation of back-arc basins and island arcs • Eastern Pacific • Subducting young oceanic lithosphere • Andean type mountain building • Collision and accretion of exotic terranes • Collision of EPR with North America

  24. Earthquake depth 0-33 km 33-70 70-300 300-700 Northwestern Pacific Subduction zones: seismicity Ryukyu island arc Kurile-Kamchatka island arc Aleutian Island arc N. Honshu subduction zone Izu-Bonin-Marianas island arc

  25. Northwestern Pacific Subduction zones: bathymetry

  26. Earthquake depth 0-33 km 33-70 70-300 300-700 New Britain Island arc Southwestern Pacific Subduction zones: seismicity Vanuatu island arc Tonga island arc Kermadec island arc New Zealand

  27. Southwestern Pacific Subduction zones: bathymetry

  28. Major tectonic systems operating during the past 200 My II. Pacific System • East Pacific Rise (EPR) moving towards the Americas and away from Asia • Hot spot tracks • Rimmed by subduction zones • Western Pacific • Subducting old oceanic lithosphere • Formation of back-arc basins and island arcs • Eastern Pacific • Subducting young oceanic lithosphere • Andean type mountain building • Collision and accretion of exotic terranes • Collision of EPR with North America

More Related