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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus. FIV/Wild Cat Coevolution. - Originated from the ancestor of all wild cats around 3-6 million years ago. - Today 84% of the Serengeti lions harbor the virus, . but show no symptoms of AIDS. - 25 species of cats around the world have been infected by FIV.

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Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

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  1. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

  2. FIV/Wild Cat Coevolution - Originated from the ancestor of all wild cats around 3-6 million years ago - Today 84% of the Serengeti lions harbor the virus, but show no symptoms of AIDS - 25 species of cats around the world have been infected by FIV - Each of the different species have separate strains of the virus

  3. Discovery of the virus • A domestic cat brought into UC-Davis’ Neal Pederson’s lab possessed an immunodeficiency virus • Spawned many questions and much research • Geographic pattern • Prevalence among certain types of wild cats

  4. Virus Transmission - believed that it is transferred through aggressive contact - Hypothesis: BIV->FIV->SIV->HIV

  5. What's going on in their bodies? - Receptor molecules on T cells

  6. Lentiviruses • A species of retrovirus that is characterized by a long incubation period. • Can deliver a large amount of genetic information into DNA of host cell • Capable of infecting neighboring cells in direct contact with the host cells • Five serogroups of lentiviruses- primates, sheep and goats, horses, cats, and cattle

  7. Virus classification: Group VI (ssRNA-RT) • Family:Retroviridae • Genus:Lentivirus • Subgenus:Bovine serogroup • Species:Bovine immunodeficiency virus • Subgenus:Equine serogroup • Species:Equine infectious anemia virus • Subgenus:Feline serogroup • Species:Feline immunodeficiency virus • Subgenus:Ovinecaprine serogroup • Species:Caprine arthritis-encephalomyelitis virus • Species:Maedi/visna virus • Subgenus:Primate serogroup • Species:Human immunodeficiency virus • Species:Simian immunodeficiency virus

  8. FIV and HIV Similarities www.dr-von-rhein.de www.life.umd.edu/.../webpages378h/Adams/HIV1.jpg

  9. Similar in terms of the organization of their genomes Both cause the same disease characteristics HIV primary receptor = CD4 FIV primary receptor = CD 134 HIV shows tropism for cells of CD4 lineage FIV shows more generalized tropism for cells of CD4, CD8, and B lineage Similarities and Differences

  10. Human immunity to HIV • 10% human pop. in Europe is immune to HIV • Attributed to smallpox immunity evolved from severe outbreaks • Both smallpox and HIV have been shown to use same chemokine receptors to infect cells

  11. Research with FIV • Model for understanding the co evolutionary events of this virus • The lions have the secret to defying immunodeficiency viruses • Through research, we can use FIV for various purposes

  12. Cystic Fibrosis • Mutations of CFTR genes leads to deficiency of CFTR function • FIV coat is modified to interact with receptors on human cells • FIV delivers enough CFTR cDNA into host cell to correct the Cl- transport defect www.stanford.edu

  13. Why study FIV and Wild cat Co evolution? • It is increasingly affecting domestics cats, which are dying from feline AIDS • The high mutation rate can, at any time create a new strain of the virus • Evolutionary studies of lions and other cats can give scientists a lead on fighting HIV • The lions teach us that viruses are just another phenomenon of nature – and that nature might yet show us a way to master them

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