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Bell Quiz: Use textbooks and notes to answer the following questions

Bell Quiz: Use textbooks and notes to answer the following questions. 1. What is the name of the land bridge that the first Americans crossed? What may have been a cause for the first Americans crossing into North America? Where did the Inuit native Americans settle?

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Bell Quiz: Use textbooks and notes to answer the following questions

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  1. Bell Quiz: Use textbooks and notes to answer the following questions 1. What is the name of the land bridge that the first Americans crossed? • What may have been a cause for the first Americans crossing into North America? • Where did the Inuit native Americans settle? • What were the Inuit homes made out of? • What was another name for the Hopewell native americans? • Name the three sisters. • What were the name of the homes the Iroquois lived in? • What parts of the buffalo did the Plain Indians use? • T/F the Plain Indians lived in Tepees. • Why did the Anasazi abandon their society?

  2. Teotihuacan • Yucatan Peninsula • Hieroglyphs • Toltec • Tenochtitlan • Tribute • Quetzalcoatl • Hernan Cortes • Moztezuma

  3. Mesoamerica: Aztec and Mayans Chapter 11 section 2

  4. Mexico/Central America

  5. The Maya and Toltec • Developed on Yucatan Peninsula • Most sophisticated civilization in America • Rose in 300 A.D., declined in 900 A.D. • Made up of farmers and warriors • Culture of society = religion

  6. Political Structure • Civilization contained many small city - states. • Each city - state was governed by a hereditary ruling class. • City - states were often at war. • Used captured war leaders for human sacrifice. • soldiers captured became slaves. • Rulers claimed to be descendents from gods

  7. Social Structure • Townspeople- skilled artisans, officials, merchants • Most people were peasant farmers • Men: fighting/hunting • Women: homemaking/took care of children • Cornmeal basic food

  8. Religion • Itzamna: supreme god (Lizard House) • Gods ranked in order of importance, some good some evil • Believed that life was in divine hands • Polytheistic • Used human sacrifice to please the gods

  9. Writing and Calendar • Developed a writing system based on hieroglyphics. • Used hieroglyphs to record important events in lives of rulers • Developed a calendar Long Count 1. Counted the days of the earth. 2. Calendar said our world was created in 3114 B.C. and will be destroyed on December 23, 2012. • Based calendar on 365 days, divided into 18 months of 20 days with 5 days left. • Spanish-conquerors did not value the writing and burned them

  10. The Aztec

  11. Rise of Aztec • Aztec legend  gods told them to build a city at the place where they saw an eagle on a cactus that was growing out of a rock. • Aztecs first arrive to Mexico and are pushed back by people already there. • 1325 - Aztecs were forced to move to islands in a lake. • Saw the eagle on one of these islands and built their civilization there. 1. Tenochtitlan = Capital city. • - Aztecs conquered much of modern day Mexico while they were building city.

  12. Political/Social Structure • Monarch claimed power from the gods. • Assisted by lords and government officials. • Population: commoners, indentured workers, and slaves • Indentured – landless workers, farmers, traders • Different roles: women not equal but allowed to own and inherit property ,enter into contracts, but expected to work at home, weave textiles, care for children, and could become priestesses

  13. Religion and Culture • Religion based around struggle between good and evil. • Believed that 4 worlds had already been created and destroyed. • Believed 5th world will be destroyed by earthquakes. • Sacrificed humans to avoid the destruction of the 5th world. • Most important gods were: 1. Quetzalcoatl (ket-sul-KWAH-tul) A. Left earth and promised to return as a prince. A sign of his return would be an arrow shot through a young tree. • When Aztecs saw the Spaniards shield that had a cross on it they thought it was Quetzalcoatl

  14. Destruction of the Aztec • Aztec ruler Montezuma became friends with Spanish leader Cortes`. • Cortes` also gained the trust of the enemies of Montezuma. • 1520: Cortes` holds Montezuma hostage. Aztecs revolts push Spaniards from Tenochtitlan. • Aztecs have no way to fight off diseases brought by Spaniards. • Cortes` gets new troops from enemies of Montezuma and kicks Aztecs out. • Spaniards gain control of modern day Mexico.

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