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Ch # 2 Atomic structure-IGCSE

Atoms & elements, the structure of Atom, Characteristics of electron, proton & neutron, Atomic number and Atomic Mass

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Ch # 2 Atomic structure-IGCSE

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  1. Atoms, Elements, & the Periodic Table

  2. Atom • ________________of matter (element) that can’t be ______________further by chemical means. • Building blocks of________ • Make up everything around us. • Individual atoms are too small to be seen. • 1 penny is made up of 2 x 1022 atoms. • 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms What is an Atom? Smallest particle broken down matter.

  3. Brief introduction to an atom The name atom has been proposed by ____________ from the word _________ meaning indivisible. ______________proposed Atomic model. JJ Thomson discovered_____________. Rutherford discovered Nucleus and_______. James Chadwick discovered___________. Bohr’s model :Electrons are found moving in a specific place called orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Democritus ATMOS Dalton Electron proton neutron

  4. What makes up an Atom? Parts of the Atom Subatomic particles Nucleus – small dense center of the atom. Contains Protons = + Charge And Neutrons= Neutral Charge Electron Cloud- surrounds the nucleus Electrons = - charge

  5. Inside the atom Protons number: 4 Protons number: 1 Electrons number: 4 Electrons number: 1 Protons number: 6 Electrons number: 6 Charge number Proton number Electron number Atomic number : The number of protons Atomic number

  6. Nucleon number/Mass number Protons and neutrons form nucleus, so they are called Nucleons, it give mass to an atom. Proton Neutron Boron Nucleon number/Mass number (A) = Protons + Neutrons The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called its Nucleon number/ mass number. is 23 (11 p+ 12 n ) Nucleon number of Sodium atom Can be written as 2311Na .

  7. What makes up an Element? Element An element contains only one kind of_________. Some of the well known elements are here. Atoms are the smallest part of an ______________. atom He Helium H Hydrogen • elements Mg Magnesium C Carbon Na Sodium O Oxygen Ne Neon N Nitrogen Ar Argon Fe Iron Au Gold Si Silcon Ca Calcium Al Aluminum

  8. Symbols of elements Symbol Atom of an element is represented by ___________ as short-hand. A symbol is a letter or 2 that is used as an abbreviation for the name of an element. If just one letter, it should be capital, if more than one, first letter should be capital and other are small letters.

  9. Elements Each element is identified by its________________. Its Equal to the number of _____________or electrons. Chlorine has 17 _____________ & 17 electrons. atomic number Chlorine 17 protons Cl atomic number protons 35.45

  10. What is an Element and how to use the Periodic Table. Chlorine Element Name 17 Atomic # Cl • Indicates the number of Protons. Chemical Symbol • 1-2 letter abbreviation • 1st letter capitalized • 2nd always lowercase Atomic Mass 35.45 • The weighted Average of the masses of the naturally occurring isotopes.

  11. What is the Periodic Table? Periodic Table A table created by ___________ Arranged the elements according to their _______________ Revealed patterns among the element’s properties. Elements in each column share similar properties • Mendeleev • atomic numbers

  12. Chlorine 17 Cl • Periodic Table Atomic # Atomic Mass 35.45 = 17 # Protons = # Neutrons = # Electrons = Atomic Number Atomic Mass -Atomic Number = 35.5-17=18.5 Atomic Number = 17

  13. p = n = e = • Periodic Table Hydrogen 1 H 1.01

  14. Periodic Table p = Oxygen 8 O n = e = 15.99

  15. Periodic Table p = Iron 26 n Fe = e = 55.84

  16. Neutron Number Electron Number Proton Number Electron Pattern Atomic Number Atomic Mass Element k l m n 1 1 1 0 1 1 Hydrogen 2 4 2 2 2 2 Helium 3 7 3 4 3 2 1 Lithium 4 9 4 5 4 2 2 Beryllium 5 11 5 6 5 2 3 Boron 6 12 6 6 6 2 4 Carbon 7 14 7 7 7 2 5 Nitrogen 8 16 8 8 8 2 6 Oxygen 9 19 9 10 9 2 7 Fluorine 10 20 10 10 10 2 8 Neon 11 23 11 12 11 2 8 1 Sodium 12 24 12 12 12 2 8 2 Magnesium 13 27 13 14 13 2 8 3 Aluminium 14 28 14 14 14 2 8 4 Silicon 15 31 15 16 15 2 8 5 Phosphorus 16 32 16 16 16 2 8 6 Sulphur 17 35 17 18 17 2 8 7 Chlorine 18 40 18 22 18 2 8 8 Argon 19 39 19 20 19 2 8 8 1 Potassium 20 40 20 20 20 2 8 8 2 Calcium

  17. Where are electrons located? Electrons are found in orbit/ electron shell/ energy level How do we represent energy level? K, L, M, N, O, P, Q which also represent the series number of energy level. The maximum number of electrons of each energy level. 2n2 K2, L8, M18…

  18. Neutron Number Electron Number Proton Number Electron Pattern Atomic Number Atomic Mass Element k l m n 1 1 1 0 1 1 Hydrogen 2 4 2 2 2 2 Helium 3 7 3 4 3 2 1 Lithium 4 9 4 5 4 2 2 Beryllium 5 11 5 6 5 2 3 Boron 6 12 6 6 6 2 4 Carbon 7 14 7 7 7 2 5 Nitrogen 8 16 8 8 8 2 6 Oxygen 9 19 9 10 9 2 7 Fluorine 10 20 10 10 10 2 8 Neon 11 23 11 12 11 2 8 1 Sodium 12 24 12 12 12 2 8 2 Magnesium 13 27 13 14 13 2 8 3 Aluminium 14 28 14 14 14 2 8 4 Silicon 15 31 15 16 15 2 8 5 Phosphorus 16 32 16 16 16 2 8 6 Sulphur 17 35 17 18 17 2 8 7 Chlorine 18 40 18 22 18 2 8 8 Argon 19 39 19 20 19 2 8 8 1 Potassium 20 40 20 20 20 2 8 8 2 Calcium

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