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The Senses

Explore the intricate workings of the human senses, including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. This overview details the anatomy of the eye, ear, and nose, explaining how we perceive the world around us. Discover the roles of the sclera, cornea, choroid, iris, retina, and auditory structures in processing sensory information. Learn about the crucial functions of chemoreceptors in our nose, the taste receptors in our mouth, and the various types of touch receptors in our skin. Gain insight into how these senses contribute to our overall experience of life.

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The Senses

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  1. The Senses

  2. VISION: • Sclera • Cornea • Choroid • Ciliary body • Iris • Retina

  3. VISION CONT’D: • THREE LAYERS: • Outer layer • Sclera- white part; maintains shape; attachment • Cornea- transparent; part light enters • Middle layer • Choroid- blood vessels • Iris- gives eye its color • Pupil light enters • Inner layer • Retina- photoreceptors; light energy to impulses to CNS

  4. HEARING: • Vibrations in the air around us • Deep, low-pitched sounds = low frequency (100-500 vibrations per second) • High-pitched sounds = high frequecy (1000-5000 vibrations per second)

  5. EAR ANATOMY: • External ear- collect and funnel sounds • Auditory Canal- tiny hairs and wax • Middle ear-sound waves transmitted • Malleus (hammer) • Incus (anvil) • Stapes (stirrup) • Cochlea- begins inner ear carries impulses to the brain by acoustic nerves

  6. HEARING:

  7. HEARING CONT’D: • BALANCE: • 3 tiny canals located above cochlea • Structures that help maintain our • Balance • movement

  8. SMELLING: • NOSE:

  9. SMELLING CONT’D: • Chemoreceptors • Located in upper region of the nasal cavity • Contain cilia extend into air passageways of nose • Chemicals stimulate them, causing impulses to be sent to the brain *Mystery!

  10. TASTE: • Lips • Roof of mouth • Throat

  11. TOUCH:

  12. TOUCH CONT’D: • 2 types respond to heat and cold • Scattered directly below the skin • ¾ warm to every cold • 2 types respond to touch • Fingers, toes, and lips are most sensitive • 1 type to pain • Located throughout skin • Prickling (fast) pain; Burning/aching (slow) pain

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