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CHAPTER 16 Aldehydes & Ketones General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith

CHAPTER 16 Aldehydes & Ketones General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith. CHAPTER 16 Aldehydes & Ketones. Learning Objectives: Nomenclature for aldehydes & ketones Identify structure and describe bonding of aldehydes & ketones

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CHAPTER 16 Aldehydes & Ketones General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith

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  1. CHAPTER 16 Aldehydes & Ketones General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice GorzynskiSmith Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  2. CHAPTER 16 Aldehydes & Ketones • Learning Objectives: • Nomenclature for aldehydes & ketones • Identify structure and describe bonding of aldehydes & ketones • Aldehyde oxidation without alcohol oxidation • Addition reactions at C – O double bond • Hemiacetal & acetal formation • Identify cyclic hemiacetals • CH 16 Homework: • End of Chapter problems: 24, 25, 32, 34, 36, 38, 44, 54, 56, 60, 64, 66, 72, 74, 78, 80, 82, 86, 88, 90, 96 Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  3. Structure Aldehydes & Ketones Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  4. Structure Aldehydes & Ketones Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  5. Ketones Intermolecular Forces Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  6. Ketones & Aldehydes Intermolecular Forces Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  7. Aldehydes Examples Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon bark) Citral (lemongrass) Vanillin (vanilla bean) Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  8. Nomenclature Aldehydes O 4 2 5 1 3 + + prefix parent suffix prefix First give location and type of substituents. How many carbons in longest chain? Aldehyde @ C1, Ketone @ lowest # C parent What is the functional group? How many? Aldehyde = -al; Ketone = -one suffix al 2,4-dimethyl petan * Note: when we have more then 1 aldehyde or ketone the parent name has an “a” added on: hexa instead of hex Smith. General Organic & Biolocial Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  9. Ketones Examples Testosterone Tetracycline: antibiotic Progesterone Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  10. Nomenclature Ketones O O • Ketone is C1 in cyclic ketones • then number to make the first substituent on the smallest C # • Common names for ketones: • Name both alkyl groups • Order alphabetically • Add the work ketone 2 6 4 1 5 3 + + prefix parent suffix First give location and type of substituents. Then the location of the ketone prefix How many carbons in longest chain? Aldehyde @ C1, Ketone @ lowest # C parent What is the functional group? How many? Aldehyde = -al; Ketone = -one suffix dione 2,4 - hexa * Note: when we have more then 1 aldehyde or ketone the parent name has an “a” added on: hexa instead of hex Smith. General Organic & Biolocial Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  11. Aldehydes Oxidation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  12. Aldehydes Selective Oxidation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  13. Ketones & Aldehydes Biological Oxidation

  14. Ketones & Aldehydes Biological Oxidation

  15. Ketones & Aldehydes Addition Reactions • Reduction with H2 & Catalyst • Formation of Acetals • Nucleophilic Addition Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  16. Ketones & Aldehydes Nucleophilic Addition Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  17. Ketones & Aldehydes Reduction Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  18. Ketones & Aldehydes Reduction Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  19. Ketones & Aldehydes Biological Reduction Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  20. Ketones & Aldehydes Acetal Formation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  21. Ketones & Aldehydes Acetal Formation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  22. Ketones & Aldehydes Acetal Formation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  23. Ketones & Aldehydes Acetal Formation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  24. Ketones & Aldehydes Acetal Formation Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

  25. Ketones & Aldehydes Acetal Hydrolysis Smith, Janice Gorzynski. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry 2nd Ed.

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