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Explore the world of product development, pricing strategies, and consumer choices. Delve into the best product innovations of all time, classic product failures, and the importance of branding for the success of a product. Learn about developing new products, analyzing costs, and maximizing profits throughout the Product Life Cycle.
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Chapter Fourteen Developing and Pricing Products and Services
Consumer Choices of Best Product Innovation of ALL Time Source:American Demographics
Product Development & Value Package • Value- Total Product Offer • Product Line • Product Mix • Product Differentiation
Classic Product Failures Company Loss Failure Edsel Corfam VideoDisc PCjr New Coke Premier Ford Motor Co. DuPont RCA IBM Coca-Cola R. J. Reynolds $250 M $100 M $500 M $ 40 M No $ Number No $ Number
First Products Produced byFive Major Companies Hershey Caramels Amway No-rinse car wash Heinz Horseradish Avon Little Dot perfume set 3M Sandpaper Horseradish Source: World Features Syndicate
Theme parks & resorts ABC Television Network TV & radio stations Film studios & production Video programs & licensing Consumer products Publishing Mickey Mouse’sProduct Mix
Marketing Classes of Goods & Services • Consumer • Convenience • Shopping • Specialty • Unsought • Industrial
Packaging • Protect • Attract • Describe • Explain • Warranties • Price, Value, Uses
Brand & Trademark Categories Manufacturers’ Knockoff Dealer/Private Generic Equity Loyalty Awareness Association Branding Mary’s Fresh Fruit Jams Fresh Daily Straight from the Garden
Market Value of A Brand Name Billions of Dollars Source: Interbrand Group
A Good Brand Name... • Speaks directly to product’s target customers • Attracts/motivates consumers to try it • Is memorable/sticks in customers’ minds • Is distinctive enough to protect it legally Brand Name
New-Product Development Idea Generation Screening Analysis Development Testing Commercialize
What They Cost When First Introduced 1927 Transatlantic Call $ 75/3 min. 1947 Microwave Oven $ 3,000 1964 FAX unit rental $ 850/month 1970 Pocket Calculator $ 150 1974 VCR Tape $ 50 Source: World Features Syndicate
Objectives ROI Traffic Market Share Sales Image Social Cost-Based Value- Service Break-Even Fixed Cost Variable Cost Strategies Skim Penetration EDLP High-Low Leadership Pricing
Breakeven Chart (Figure 14.9) Total Revenue or Total Cost Number of Units
Pricing Using Breakeven Analysis ProblemShould we charge $2 or $3 per box? CostsTotal Fixed Costs $400,000 Variable Cost $ 1 per box Market Research Forecast Company can sell: 290,000 boxes at $2 @ 210,000 boxes at $3 @ Breakeven point = total fixed cost price - variable cost (per unit) (per unit) $2 price = $400,000 400,000 units to breakeven $2 - $1 $3 price = $400,000 200,000 units to breakeven $3 - $1 Breakeven Analysis
Market Share-Cable Source:Wall Street Journal 1/12/2000
Movies- Domestic Box Office Market Share Source: Wall Street Journal, 1/12/2000
Market Share ofVideo Sales Source:Wall Street Journal, 1/12/2000