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Understanding Assimilation Efficiency in Grazing Animals

Explore the concept of assimilation efficiency in grazing animals, focusing on variations due to diet quality, digestive adaptations, and ecological impacts. Discover the energy assimilation rates of different species and their environmental implications.

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Understanding Assimilation Efficiency in Grazing Animals

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  1. Chap 6 continued Chap 7

  2. Assimilation Efficiency • A = Eassimilated / Etotal

  3. GD Goodman-Lowe, JR Carpente, S. Atkinson (1999) Assimilation efficiency of prey in the Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) Can. J. Zool. 77: 653–660 Variability due to differences in diet (quality) within a species

  4. Rumen e Omasum Abomasum Reticulum

  5. Rumen • Bacterial fermentation of cellulose

  6. Reticulum • Compression and regurgitation of plant material

  7. Omasum • Water re-absorption and further filtering

  8. Abomasum • Digestive fluids added to chyme

  9. Rabbits Non-cecal pellet cecal

  10. So, with all these adaptations… • Are cows any good at assimilating energy from food? • “A” for several species • Elephant – 1.5% • Cow – 11% • Pig – 13% • Grasshopper – 37% • Tent catepillar – 57%

  11. Applied Efficiencies or carn herb autotroph

  12. Land needed to feed cow / mo: range = 12.3 acres productive area = 1 Water needed for beef = 2500gal/lb No. of animal species threatened with extinction on rangelands = 90 Excrement by total US human population: 12,000 lb/sec Excrement by US livestock: 250,000 lb/sec (including 25 pounds of manure per cow per day) Big impact by eating lower on the food chain

  13. Chap 7 • Concentrate: • Introduction • Carbon • Water • Nitrogen • Microbes

  14. Figure 7.2

  15. Figure 7.4

  16. Figure 7.5

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