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Psychological Disorders

What is abnormal behavior?. Behavior that is deviant (or atypical), maladaptive (or dysfunctional), or personally distressful.Myths of abnormal behaviorAbnormal behavior is always bizarre.Normal and abnormal behavior are different in kind.Etiology (cause)biological, psychological, and/or socioc

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Psychological Disorders

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    1. CHAPTER 14 “Psychological Disorders”

    2. What is abnormal behavior? Behavior that is deviant (or atypical), maladaptive (or dysfunctional), or personally distressful. Myths of abnormal behavior Abnormal behavior is always bizarre. Normal and abnormal behavior are different in kind. Etiology (cause)—biological, psychological, and/or sociocultural factors

    3. Four Approaches to the Development of Psychological disorders Biological (organic, internal causes) medical model—psychological disorders are medical diseases w/ a biological origin “mental illnesses,” found in “patients,” and treated by “doctors” usually with drugs Three categories of illnesses: brain abnormalities hormone/neurotransmitter imbalances disordered genes

    4. Approaches to the Development of Psychological disorders (cont….) Psychological (psychodynamic; behavioral; social cognitive; humanistic views) unconscious conflict—anxiety producing ineffective early relationships w/ parents rewards & punishment environmental experiences and other social cognitive processes

    5. Approaches to the Development of Psychological disorders (cont….) Sociocultural (social contexts) Marriage and/or family conflict Neighborhood SES Ethnicity, race, or culture Gender Biopsychosocial (combination of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors)

    6. DSM-IV-TR Criteria Located in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) First published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1952; current publication dated 2000—DSM-IV-TR Five dimensions/axes (multiaxial system) Axis I: All diagnostic categories except personality disorders and mental retardation Axis II: Personality disorders and mental retardation Axis III: General medical conditions Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems Axis V: Current level of functioning (social, occupational, or academic) [0-100]

    7. Criticisms of the DSM Classification System Everyday problems are labeled as psychological disorders. The system focuses strictly on pathology--biased toward finding something wrong with individuals. People with psychological disorders are labeled.

    8. Benefits of the DSM Classification System The system gives mental health professionals a common basis for communication. The system helps clinicians make predictions about disorders.

    9. Main Categories of Psychological Disorders Anxiety Disorders (motor tension, hyper-activity, apprehensive expectations and thoughts) Dissociative Disorders (sudden loss of memory or change in identity) Mood Disorders (disturbance of mood) Schizophrenia (highly disordered thought processes) Personality Disorders (chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into one’s personality)

    10. Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorder Panic attacks Phobic disorder Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) Obsessions vs. compulsions

    11. Phobia Feared Object or Situation Acrophobia Heights Aerophobia Flying Aquaphobia Water Arachnophobia Spiders Brontophobia Thunderstorms Claustrophobia Closed spaces Entomophobia Insects Hematophobia Blood Monophobia Being alone Mysophobia Dirt and germs Nyctophobia Darkness Ophidiophobia Snakes Parthenophobia Virgins Porphyrophobia The color purple Zoophobia Animals

    12. Dissociative Disorders Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality disorder)

    13. Mood Disorders Depressive disorders Major depressive disorder Dysthymic disorder Bipolar disorder Suicide Females attempt; males succeed

    14. Schizophrenia Disorganized Schizophrenia Catatonic schizophrenia Paranoid schizophrenia Undifferentiated schizophrenia

    15. Personality Disorders Odd/Eccentric Paranoid Schizoid Schizotypal Dramatic/Emotionally Problematic Histrionic Narcissistic Borderline Antisocial

    16. Personality Disorders (cont.) Anxious/Fearfulness Avoidant Dependent Obsessive-Complusive

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