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Bioenergetics: Biomedical Implications of Biologic Energy Systems

Explore the importance of bioenergetics in biomedical contexts, discussing starvation, marasmus, and obesity as energy-related conditions. Learn about free energy, thermodynamics laws, and biochemical reactions in biologic systems.

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Bioenergetics: Biomedical Implications of Biologic Energy Systems

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  1. Bioenergetics Section II Chapter 10

  2. Biomedical Importance • Biologic systems are Isothermic The chemical energy is used to power living processes. • Starvation =Depletion of energy reserves. • Marasmus=Energy imbalance. • Obesity=Excess storage of energy. • Free Energy (Δ G)= Portion of total energy change in a system that is free to do work.

  3. Biologic systems Conform to the general laws of Thermodynamics • First law: The total energy of a system,including its surroundings,remains constant. • Second Law: The total Entropy(Randomness) of a system must increase if a processe is to occur spontaneously. The two laws are expressed as: ∆G = Δ H – TΔ S (1) Δ H = Change in Enthalpy (heat). T =Absolute temperature. In Biochemical reactions ΔH =ΔE The two laws in Biochemical reactions are expressed as: Δ G = Δ E –TΔ S (2)

  4. Exergonic Reaction: Δ G is Negative • Endergonic Reaction: Δ G is Positive • In Equilibrium: Δ G = 0 • If Reactants are at a concentration of 1 mol/L Δ G is termed The Standard free energy Change (ΔG°).Δ • When Biochemical reactions occur in the standard state (PH=7) the standard free energy change is then termed ΔG°´. ΔG°´= -RT ln K´eq (3) K´eq=Equilibrium constant R = Gas Constant

  5. ENDERGONIC Processes Proceed by Coupling to EXERGONIC Processes • Exergonic Reactions Refer to CATABOLISM. • Endergonic Reactions mainly describe ANABOLISM. • Catabolism + Anabolism = Metabolism

  6. The Coupling of an Endergonic to an Exergonic Reaction

  7. By a Common Intermediate: A + C→ I →B + D By a Compound with high energy potential: Mechanisms of coupling of reactions

  8. High-Energy Phosphates play A Central Role in Energy Capture And Transfer

  9. The Intermediate Value for the Free Energy Hydrolysis of ATP has Important Bioenergetic Significance

  10. Structure of ATP,ADP and AMP

  11. High Energy-Phosphates act as the ENERGY CURRENCY of the cell

  12. Phosphate cycle

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