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Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility — The UN and the IMO

Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility — The UN and the IMO. CDR John Kauffman, JAGC, USN Head, Law of the Sea Department, Office of the Navy JAG International & Operational Law Division CDR James Kraska, JAGC, USN, Oceans & Maritime Policy, Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5), The Joint Staff.

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Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility — The UN and the IMO

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  1. Protecting DoD Maritime Mobility —The UN and the IMO CDR John Kauffman, JAGC, USN Head, Law of the Sea Department, Office of the Navy JAG International & Operational Law Division CDR James Kraska, JAGC, USN, Oceans & Maritime Policy, Strategic Plans and Policy (J-5), The Joint Staff

  2. Maritime Mobility • PDD 32 “Freedom of Navigation” • DoDI C-2005.1 “Freedom of Navigation” Program • CJCSI 2420.10B, “United States Freedom of Navigation Program”

  3. UNCLOS • Baselines • Territorial Sea • Exclusive Economic Zone • High Seas • Straits Used for International Navigation

  4. UNCLOS - EEZs

  5. United Nations • Forums • UNICPOLOS and UNGA • Issues • MPAs in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) – Network of High Seas MPAs • Eco-system Approach to Management (EAM) • Precautionary Approach • 1992 Rio Declaration

  6. Marine Protected Areas • Designation process • New implementing Agreement? • Definition(s) • Protective measures • Clearly delineated impact • Strong causal link • Consistent with UNCLOS

  7. Ecosystem Approach to Management • Undefined or competing definitions • Does “ecosystem” include humans? • Ignores Juridical Boundaries • Application of the Precautionary Approach

  8. International Maritime Organization • Forums • MEPC • MSC • Issues • PSSAs • Torres Strait • Baltic Sea

  9. Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas • PSSA Guidelines • Straits Used for International Navigation • Torres Strait PSSA • High Seas and the EEZ • Baltic Seas PSSA

  10. Torres Strait PSSA • Australia proposed compulsory pilotage in the Torres Strait • IMO approved a “recommendatory” pilotage • Mandatory pilotage as a condition of port entry

  11. Baltic Sea PSSA • EU-supported proposal • Russia opposed – overlap TS

  12. Northwestern Hawaiian Islands • USG actions – impact as precedent

  13. Questions?

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