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Emerging Trends ,Opportunities and Challenges in Guar Farming

Emerging Trends ,Opportunities and Challenges in Guar Farming. D. Kumar Former project Coordinator (Arid Legumes) Guar Consultant Central Arid zone Research Institute ,Jodhpur Recent Contacts: 17E 230, C.H. B.,Jodhpur-342008 Contacts:09314008627;09166297938 (M)

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Emerging Trends ,Opportunities and Challenges in Guar Farming

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  1. Emerging Trends ,Opportunities and Challenges in Guar Farming D. Kumar Former project Coordinator (Arid Legumes) Guar Consultant Central Arid zone Research Institute ,Jodhpur Recent Contacts: 17E\ 230, C.H. B.,Jodhpur-342008 Contacts:09314008627;09166297938 (M) E Mail : dkumarcazri@gmail.com

  2. Trends in guar farming –Yesterday and Today

  3. Production scenario • In India, guar was grown in almost 51.50 lakh ha, the production realized was 24.61 lakh ton with productivity of 478 kg\ ha (2012-13). • Rajasthan is the mega state for guar production (60-65%), followed by Haryana (20-22%), Gujarat (10-12%) Punjab (2%) and other southern and central states (3-4%). • Productivity of guar varies between the states and within state (Rajasthan). Indian productivity is 490 kg\ha against 1200 kg for haryana,685 kg for Punjab and 669 kg\ha for Gujarat. • Rajasthan productivity is 370 kg, whereas for Ganga nagar and Hanuman garh (807 & 870 kg, resp.), for Churu, Barmer,Bikaner (144-207 kg\ha ).

  4. Improved varieties of guar suitable for different cropping regions, Rajasthan

  5. Fig: Grain yield and gum content during kharif 2011 and summer 2012.

  6. Fig: Gum content and viscosity during kharif 2011 and summer 2012. Viscosity Kharif, 2011 Summer, 2012

  7. Farmer happy with bumper guar production at Yavatmal. Farmers. Guar field in Yatmal during summer 2012 Summer guar introduced in Vidharbha(Yavatmal) ,

  8. Lot of Opportunities 1.Taming drought, sustaining soil productivity, nutritional security ,agricultural diversity 2.Mrginl lands, marginal inputs, marginal care marginal support , as a social crop 3.Multi uses ,cash crop, fodder, primary and secondary products 4 Horizontal expansion taken place 5.Enhanced productivity 6.Crop of poor & prosperous persons, large industries 7.Best crop for cropping sequence & rotations 8.TIFAC a body of DST organized one day workshop and submitted report on export of guar gum to GoI.

  9. Main Challenges • Longer growth period : 95 to 120 days • Quality seed not available only 7-8% seed replacement rate • Life saving irrigation at crucial stage • Population stress due to sub-opt. plant density • No weeding and inter culture operations • Crucial planting dates for newer regions • No plant protection measures used

  10. Challenges • Stagnated gum contents at the varietals level • Poor genetic variability for guar gum viscosities • Unstable price structure • No by-back policy in newer regions • No Government support in spite of being most important foreign earning field crop. • No R and D incentives from guarindustry sector

  11. Additional challanges • Chemical source (CMC) of guar gum identified • Use of guar gum is twisted with higher viscosity (7000-8000 cP) in petroleum industries and in Oil drilling wells • Temerind, Sesbania bispinosa, Cassia tora, C. sophera ,C. accidentails • Cultivated in other countries also • Low price : farmers loosing interest • Frotier sciences and big seed coys not coming to help this crop

  12. Guar Gum By- Products • Poor utilization of guar meal protein(20-30 %)-through By- pass plant • Value addition of Korma and Churi • Removal of residual guar gum from guar meal for better quality of the same • Removal of toxic substances ,like trypsin inhibitors, Saponians, Lignins , Phytates etc. from guar meal. • Additional uses of large content of crude protein available in guar meal .

  13. Inter specific hybridizations In guar

  14. Stable, diversified and specific sources of guar viscosity may be identified. • . Attempts may be made to develop guar varieties having different viscosity values ( low, medium ,high). • Specific growing inputs and environmental conditions may be specified in reference to gum quality.. • Specific varieties with similar inputs may be grown in particular zone to have control over sustainability and traceability of guar gum and its quality.

  15. Enhancing guar gum content Guar gum content per se may be increased almost to 35.0% against existing values of 30-31 % for last many decades A source (IC-116601) reported to have almost 34.83% gum content ,may be confirmed,if found stable be transferred into promising guar cultivars Traditional and non-traditional approaches may be used in this context could help increase gum yield even without increasing grainyield

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