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19.5 The Tide of the War Turns

19.5 The Tide of the War Turns. Why was Gen. Stonewall Jackson not at Gettysburg? May 1863, Gen. Lee defeated a much larger Union force in Chancellorsville, Virginia. Lee’s most trusted General, Stonewall Jackson, was accidentally shot by his own troops. Why does Gettysburg happen?.

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19.5 The Tide of the War Turns

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  1. 19.5 The Tide of the War Turns • Why was Gen. Stonewall Jackson not at Gettysburg? • May 1863, • Gen. Lee defeated a much larger Union force in Chancellorsville, Virginia. • Lee’s most trusted General, Stonewall Jackson, was accidentally shot by his own troops.

  2. Why does Gettysburg happen? • The South led by General Lee won a few victories in early 1863 • Chancellorsville, Va • Fredericksburg, Va • This encouraged Lee to launch another offensive into Union territory. • Goals: • Break the North’s will to fight • To capture much needed supplies for his army

  3. Battle of Gettysburg • The Battle began on July 1, 1863 • Battle would last 3 days! • Confederate Army • Led by Gen. Lee • 75,000 men and cavalry • Union Army • Led by Gen. George G. Meade • 100,000 men and cavalry

  4. Day 1 and Day 2 • Day 1 • Ends with Confederate army declaring small victory • Had been able to push Union army to south side of town • Called Cemetery Ridge • Day 2 • Ends in a stalemate • Union holds the high ground • Lots of casualties!!

  5. Day 3 • Gen. Lee had a plan to break the Union army • 3 way attack led by huge infantry attack • Led by George Pickett • Called Pickett’s charge • If it works, the war will end with the Confederacy the victor! • How do you think it goes?

  6. Pickett’s Charge • 14,000 Confederates charged through the open field up Cemetery Ridge. • Union army had cannons and defended men behind stone walls. • The attack was a disaster. • ½ the men die on the way across the field. • All of those who made it to the ridge were either captured of killed. • Gen. Lee’s army is finally defeated… • He retreats back into Virginia on July 4, 1863

  7. Gettysburg’s Address • Nov. 19, 1863 • Pres. Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to honor the soldiers who would be buried there. • Gave a speech where he reminded America that • “these dead shall not have died in vain”

  8. The War Turns in Favor of the Union • July 4, 1863 • Gettysburg was won by the Union • General Grant Captured Vicksburg in Mississippi. • Importance? • Lincoln was impressed by Gen. Grant; made him commander of the Union army. • Fired Gen. Meade for not destroying Gen. Lee

  9. Grant’s Drive to Richmond • The Wilderness Campaign • Series of battles launched by the North from May through June in northern and central Virginia. • Goal: • Capture Richmond, Va! • However, • Gen. Grant has a secret weapon.

  10. Sherman’s March to the Sea • 1864 • Lincoln needed a military victory to help him win re-election in 1864. • Specifically deep in the South! • Gen. William T. Sherman • Given orders to march southeast from Tennessee to Georgia • Destroy everything! • CalledTotal War • Destroy all • Railroads • Industries • farms • homes • Crops • Livestock

  11. Richmond, VABefore Gen. Sherman

  12. Richmond,VAAfter Gen. Sherman

  13. The South Surrenders • April 9, 1865 • Gen. Lee has finally been captured by Gen. Grant’s army • Decides to surrender his army instead of having more of his men killed • Appomattox Courthouse • Place where Gen. Lee signs the surrender of his army to Gen. Grant

  14. Losses of the Civil War • 620,000 Americans dead. • More than all other military conflicts combined: • American Revolution • War of 1812 • WWI • WWII • Vietnam • Korea • Persian Gulf • War in Iraq

  15. The President Decides to Celebrate • April 14, 1865 • Pres. Lincoln decides to walk to the theatre to see a show • Called “Our American Cousin” • Held at Ford’s Theatre • About 6 blocks from the White House.

  16. Ford’s Theatre, 1865

  17. Ford’s Theatre, today

  18. Booth Pres. Lincoln Sat In.

  19. Lincoln’s Booth, today

  20. Lincoln’s Assassination • April 14, 1865 • John Wilkes Booth • fatally shoots Pres. Lincoln at a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C • Pres. Lincoln is rushed across the street to a house. • Doctors called in but it’s too late… • Dies the next day.

  21. Lincoln’s Death Bed

  22. Pres. Lincoln Travels America one last Time… • VP Andrew Johnson becomes 17th POTUS • Job? • Reconstruct the USA! • Abraham Lincoln’s body is taken by train to his resting home of Springfield, Illinois • Train brought him through CVNP!

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