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1920’s The Turbulent Decade

1920’s The Turbulent Decade. The Jazz Age The Roaring Twenties. Technology Transformed American Society. Electricity & Oil played an important role in American life Electricity: Edison – Westinghouse Impacted the home: appliances & light Impacted communities: theaters, streetlights

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1920’s The Turbulent Decade

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  1. 1920’sThe Turbulent Decade The Jazz Age The Roaring Twenties

  2. Technology Transformed American Society • Electricity & Oil played an important role in American life • Electricity: • Edison – Westinghouse • Impacted the home: appliances & light • Impacted communities: theaters, streetlights • Impacted the workplace: power-driven machinery, assembly lines

  3. Electricity • Before WWI – 1/5 American households • By 1929 – 2/3 American households New Idea: Scientific Management Frederick W. Taylor Efficiency & Speed

  4. Appliances of 1920’s

  5. The Car • Henry Ford, 1908, Model T • “utilitarian torture chamber” • Cheap, durable • “Tin Lizzie” • Introduced assembly line production to produce these popular cars • Model T: 90 minutes

  6. Model T

  7. Impact of the Car? • By 1930 there were 26 million cars in USA • How would this impact life in the USA?

  8. Impact of the Car? • By 1930 there were 26 million cars in USA • How would this impact life in the USA?

  9. Impact of the Car • Highways • Tourism • Accidents • Growing suburbs • More teenage drivers • New careers In 1929 about 4 million Americans were employed in auto-related work.

  10. Impact of the Auto Industry • To make cars you need steel, rubber, glass, paint, lead, nickel, petroleum • Businesses moved out of the city and the suburbs were blossoming • Small neighborhood shops gave way to large department stores • Family life: did it get better or suffer? The great debate

  11. Advertising & Marketing • Make people dissatisfied with what they have • Albert Lasker – ad exec of 1920’s • Orange Juice was born in ad campaign • Listerine made people fear the dreaded “halitosis”

  12. Advertising & Marketing • Make people dissatisfied with what they have • Albert Lasker – ad exec of 1920’s • Orange Juice was born in ad campaign • Listerine made people fear the dreaded “halitosis”

  13. Financing • Emphasis on buying rather than saving • Installment Plan buying • The American national motto went from the Puritan ethic of “waste not, want not” to “wait not, want not.”

  14. Sports • More leisure time, more money, easy credit, and freedom of the road all led to interest in sports.

  15. George “Babe” Ruth • NY Yankee home run king • 1927 – record 60 home runs • 714 home runs • Difficult life as a youngster and later as an adult • Triumph & Tragedy????

  16. Red Grange • University of Illinois • First athlete to be on Time Magazine cover • Received a lucrative movie contract • Called “The Galloping Ghost” • Star halfback • Had a promoter • Grange shoes, helmets, candy bars, dolls, sweaters, and sandwiches

  17. Football • National Football League was formed in 1922 • Led by Chicago Bear George Halas • Other teams in NFL were the Toledo Maroons, Milwaukee Badgers, Oorang Indians, Canton Bulldogs, Green Bay Packers, Akron Pros, and Rock Island Independents

  18. Sports Heroes • Jack Dempsey: boxing • Gertrude Ederle: swimming, crossed English Channel in 14 hours, 31 minutes • Gold medal winner 1924 Olympics • First woman to achieve this honor

  19. Sports Heroes • Bobby Jones: golf • William Tilden: tennis • Helen Wills: tennis

  20. Media • Newspapers • Tabloids • Radio first commercial broadcast, KDKA, Pittsburgh, Nov 2, 1920

  21. Hollywood and Broadway • Hollywood, California • Cecil B. De Mille films include The Ten Commandments, Forbidden Fruit • Romance & glamour • Stars: • Charlie Chaplin • Mary Pickford • Douglas Fairbanks • Rudolph Valentino • 1927 first talkie, The Jazz Singer • Animated cartoons, Walt Disney, Mickey Mouse

  22. African Americans • Fared better in live theater • Paul Robeson, former All-American football star turned actor • Most famous performance in London as Othello • His support of radical causes ultimately hurt his popularity

  23. African Americans • Fared better in live theater • Paul Robeson, former All-American football star turned actor • Most famous performance in London as Othello • His support of radical causes ultimately hurt his popularity

  24. Creation of National Popular Culture • Influence of the movies • Influence of commercial radio • Standardized news in newspapers • Increase in spectator sports • New forms of advertising • Installment financing

  25. Revolution in Manners & Morals • Young women asserted themselves as flappers • The nation became increasingly urbanized, although rural culture remained strong • Women’s lives changed as a result of technology

  26. Changes in Women’s lives • Appliances promised to relieve the workload of women at home • Stress to have spotless homes, household chores increased • More women began to work outside the home • Birth control gave women more control over their lives • Birth rate fell for first time • Movement led by Margaret Sanger

  27. The Hollow Men T. S. Eliot (1925) I We are the hollow menWe are the stuffed menLeaning togetherHeadpiece filled with straw. Alas!Our dried voices, whenWe whisper togetherAre quiet and meaninglessAs wind in dry grassOr rats' feet over broken glassIn our dry cellar Shape without form, shade without colour,Paralysed force, gesture without motion; Those who have crossedWith direct eyes, to death's other KingdomRemember us -- if at all -- not as lostViolent souls, but onlyAs the hollow menThe stuffed men. II Eyes I dare not meet in dreamsIn death's dream kingdomThese do not appear:There, the eyes areSunlight on a broken columnThere, is a tree swingingAnd voices areIn the wind's singingMore distant and more solemnThan a fading star. Let me be no nearerIn death's dream kingdomLet me also wearSuch deliberate disguisesRat's coat, crowskin, crossed stavesIn a fieldBehaving as the wind behavesNo nearer -- Not that final meetingIn the twilight kingdom III This is the dead landThis is cactus landHere the stone imagesAre raised, here they receiveThe supplication of a dead man's handUnder the twinkle of a fading star. Is it like thisIn death's other kingdomWaking aloneAt the hour when we areTrembling with tendernessLips that would kissForm prayers to broken stone. IV The eyes are not hereThere are no eyes hereIn this valley of dying starsIn this hollow valleyThis broken jaw of our lost kingdoms In this last of meeting placesWe grope togetherAnd avoid speechGathered on this beach of the tumid river Sightless, unlessThe eyes reappearAs the perpetual starMultifoliate roseOf death's twilight kingdomThe hope onlyOf empty men. V Here we go round the prickly pearPrickly pear prickly pearHere we go round the prickly pearAt five o'clock in the morning. Between the ideaAnd the realityBetween the motionAnd the actFalls the Shadow For Thine is the Kingdom Between the conceptionAnd the creationBetween the emotionAnd the responseFalls the Shadow Life is very long Between the desireAnd the spasmBetween the potencyAnd the existenceBetween the essenceAnd the descentFalls the ShadowFor Thine is the Kingdom For Thine isLife isFor Thine is the This is the way the world endsThis is the way the world endsThis is the way the world endsNot with a bang but a whimper.

  28. The Flapper

  29. Flappers • Abandoned all older views of femininity and women’s roles • Sexy and daring • Smoked in public, drank liquor, swore, and flirted openly with men • Hemlines rose above the knees, waistlines dropped below the hips, corsets were thrown out • Bobbed hair, wore cosmetics • Seemed to signal the collapse of the nation’s moral standards • Borrowed ideas of Sigmund Freud

  30. Sigmund Freud • Austrian scientist & doctor • Abnormal behavior was result of unconscious and suppressed fears or desires • Psychoanalysis could cure these issues

  31. New Vocabulary • The cat’s meow • Hot diggity • Go fly a kite • Blind pig • Nifty • Booze • Lounge lizard • It’s bunk • Goofy • A beaut

  32. The Lost Generation • Discontented artists of 1920’s • Alienated from a society whose values they rejected • Critical of their nation • Too pessimistic to be reforms • All dreams of a better society were pointless • Only possible salvation came from art

  33. American Literature • F. Scott Fitzgerald - This Side of Paradise, The Great Gatsby, and Tender is the Night • Ernest Hemingway – The Sun Also Rises • Sinclair Lewis – Main Street, Babbit, Arrowsmith, Elmer Gantry, first American to receive the Nobel Prize for literature • William Faulkner – The Sound and the Fury • H.L. Menken, editor of the Mercury Magazine • Poets: T.S. Eliot, Edna St. Vincent Millay, e.e. cummings, Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, Robert Frost and Carl Sandburg

  34. American Artists • Georgia O’Keeffe • Edward Hopper

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