Low Energy Building Design 2010

1. Low Energy Building Design 2010 Presentation 2 TEAM ZERO Arnaud Gibert Bintou Ouedraogo Danny Tang Naeema Hafeez Paul Dupuy

2. Aim • Is to design 3 housing types which will form a 20 dwelling net zero carbon community, located in rural Ayrshire • Designed to Code Level 5 or better • To be an exemplar of sustainable, low energy design for the future developments

3. Tasks

4. Passive House Standard • Exterior shell insulated to achieve a u-value not exceeding 0.15W/m2 • U-value between 0.11-0.15 W/m2 • Making full use of solar energy • Southern orientation and shade considerations • Energy Efficient window glazing and frames • U-value should not exceed 0.80W/m2 for both the glazing and frame of window • Total energy demand for space heating and cooling should be less than 15kWh/m2/yr

5. Study of Materials • Structural Frame of Building • Steel • High in embodied energy • Rarely ever used in construction of homes • Omitted from selection • Concrete • High in embodied energy • Heavyweight material • Used mainly for larger buildings • Should be avoided • Timber-final choice • Low in embodied energy • Can be locally sourced from site • Energy efficient material

6. Study of Materials • Insulation materials • Recycled newspaper • Hemp • Straw Bales • Sheep’s wool • In the end it was decided that insulation will not be required because the material we are using are straw bales and therefore act as a load bearing wall and provide insulation • Walls • Timber cladding • ThermoPlan Ziegel Blocks • Excellent thermal performance • Finished construction airtight • Low wastage • Very low in embodied energy- • However, they have to be transported from Germany- increase the embodied energy of the material • Rammed Earth

7. Straw Bales-Final choice • 450mm thick can be 300mm • Very Low in embodied energy- 0.24MJ/kg (University of Bath) • Low u-value 0.13W/m2 • Very high level of insulation • Windows and Frame • Triple-glazing windows with Timber frame • Improved energy efficiency • Exterior noise reduced • U-value for triple glazing is 2.0W/m2 • U-value for triple-glazing with multiple low emissivity coatings and Xenon filled = 0.4W/m2

8. 2 Bedroom Design

9. 3 Bedroom Design

10. 4 Bedroom Design

11. Energy Demands • Passive house standards : • Space heating : 15 kWh/m²/year • Hot water : 9 kWh/m²/year • Appliances : 16 kWh/m²/year • Ventilation : 2 kWh/m²/year • Total habitable surface : 2640 m² • Total thermal requirements : 9.7 kW (average) • Total electrical requirements : 7 kW (average)

12. Solar • Surface available : • 524 m² for the community. • Power density : • 152 W/m²

13. Thermal • Schuco Sol Premium line • Thermal output : 2kW • Surface : 2.69 m² • Total surface for the community : 60 m² • Using power density for calculation • Total output (Community): 10kW

14. Photovoltaic • Solar century C21e • Electrical output : 143 W/m² • Module efficiency : 14.9 % • Surface for the community :450 m² • Using power density for calculation • Total output : 10kW

15. CHP • Yanmar : CP10VB1 • Electrical output : 9.9 kW • Thermal output : 16.8 kW

16. Ventilation • Ventilation system: • Mechanical Ventilation mixed with passive natural ventilation • Displacement ventilation • Heat recovery system • Heat loss 7kWh/m2 per year

17. Ventilation • Ventilation requirement: • Excellent outdoor air quality -> 0 decipol • Indoor air quality B (20% PD) -> 1.4 decipol • Pollution level from materials 0.1 olf/m2 • Pollution from occupant 1olf/pers • Expected ventilation effectiveness 1.5 • Required Ventilation • 10 x Pollution load/(( Indoor AQ – Outdoor AQ)x effectiveness) -> 0.67 l/s per m2 or 78l/s, 84 l/s and 112l/s for the 3 houses

18. Ventilation • Ventilation- Energy consumption: • 120W for the 2 Bedrooms , 150W for the 3 and 200W for the 4 • 12h/ days, 250 days per year -> 360kWh/year for the 2 bedrooms house -> 450kWh/year for the 3 bedrooms house -> 600kWh/year for the 4 bedrooms house

19. Lighting • Lighting Requirement: • Kitchen, Bedrooms, Study, Bathroom 300 lux • Living room, Dinning Room 200 lux • Corridors 100 lux • Required lighting = Required illuminance x Area / lamp lumen output x utilization factor

20. Lighting • Lighting System: • Natural Lighting • Windows on the south • Solar tubes on the north • Luminaries for the night or cloudy days • Fluorescent Lamp • Compact

21. Lighting • Lighting- Energy Consumption: • 350W for the 2 bedrooms • 420W for the 3 bedrooms • 500W for the 4 bedrooms • 10h/days in winter • 8h/days in spring and autumn • 6h/days in summer -> 650kWh/year for the 2 bedrooms house -> 850kWh/year for the 3 bedrooms house -> 1,000kWh/year for the 4 bedrooms house

22. Water • Water requirement: • 100l/day per person • Water system • Grey water recycling system

23. Transportation • Alternative for cars • Cycling, rollerblading and walking • Public Transports • Bus stop • Electric Cars • Advantages: • Price of electricity • Little noise • Solar Parking • Solar Panel

24. Transportation • Blue Car • Bats cap Lithium Metal polymer battery • Life span 10 years • Entirely recyclable • Recharging time: 4 hours • Average autonomy: 25o km

25. Plan of Work • Use ESP-r model • More details drawings • Model ventilation and Lighting in more detail • Homer • Calculate embodied energy of materials • Cost • Transportation- more detail

26. Any Questions??