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The Turning Tides: Key Battles and Leaders in the Civil War

Explore the critical turning points of the American Civil War in July 1863, focusing on the pivotal battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg. Witness the brave charge of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment at Fort Wagner and the strategic maneuvers of Generals Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant. Delve into the recruitment of African American soldiers and the significance of the battles in shaping the course of the war. This brief overview highlights the sacrifices, leadership, and determination that defined this tumultuous era in American history.

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The Turning Tides: Key Battles and Leaders in the Civil War

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  1. Tides are a 'changing First African American Regiment High Water Mark Capture the Mississippi

  2. July 1863 Gettysburg, PA Vicksburg, MS Fort Wagner, SC

  3. Storming of Fort Wagner (SC)July 18, 1863 • 54th Massachusetts Regiment (African American) led an assault to capture the fort from Confederates • Initial strike was unsuccessful; however, recruit of African American soldiers increased for the desperate Union Army • 60 days later the fort was captured

  4. Turning Point (East) • July 1-3, 1863 • Robert E. Lee vs. George Meade (“old snapping turtle”) • Attempt to break the Union back (win in the north) • Confederate loss (~30% casualties) • Union fails to pursue Lee following his retreat • Nov. 19 1863 – Gettysburg Address (dedication to lost lives and reasserting why the Union must continue to fight) Battle of Gettysburg (PA)

  5. Battle of GettysburgDay 1July 1, 1863 • Confederates take over town of Gettysburg (why important? – shelter, supplies, take cover) • Union pushed back to Cemetery Hill

  6. Battle of GettysburgDay 2 (July 2, 1863) • Union holds on at Little Round Top and Culp’s Hill • Preventing the Confederates from surrounding the Union • 20th Maine under Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain

  7. Battle of GettysburgDay 3July 3, 1863 • George Pickett (C) leads a charge with 12,000 men across an open field • - attempt to break through the Union line • Confederacy retreats to the South (July 4, 1863) with no pursuit by Meade

  8. Turning Point (West)Battle of Vicksburg (MS) • May 1863 • John C. Pemberton vs. U.S. Grant Grant lay siege (surrounding a city – nothing in, nothing out) on Vicksburg, MS “We are utterly cut off from the world, surrounded by a circle of fire.” • “People do nothing but eat what they can get (horses, dogs, rats), sleep when they can, and dodge the shells.”

  9. Turning Point (West)Battle of Vicksburg (MS) • Pemberton surrenders July 4, 1863 • Mississippi River is now controlled by the Union • Movement of Union troops and supplies • U.S. Grant is commissioned to lead the Army of the Potomac as Lt. General

  10. Ulysses S. Grant

  11. Ulysses S. Grant • Last Union General for the Army of the Potomac • Employed a total war strategy • Destroy everything of value • Houses, farms, livestock, fields, railroads, etc. • Keep the pressure on Lee • Keep Lee on the move • Petersburg to Richmond (from the north - Grant) • Atlanta to Savannah (from the south - Sherman)

  12. William T. Sherman (U)March to Sea • Nov. 1864 – April 1865 • Ordered by Grant to employ total war • Live off the land and destroy the rest • Marched from Atlanta to Savannah (towards the Atlantic Ocean); then north to meet up with Grant in VA http://www.history.com/topics/william-t-sherman/videos#shermans-terrifying-tactics (movie clip) http://www.history.com/topics/william-t-sherman/interactives/shermans-march (map)

  13. Ulysses S. Grant • Trapped the Confederate army in Richmond • “There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant,” Lee said, “and I would rather die a thousand deaths.” • April 9, 1865: Lee surrendered to Grant in Appomattox Courthouse, VA –ending the Civil War

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