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ETHERNET DEVICES

ETHERNET DEVICES. -BY MUJTABA FARAZ. OBJECTIVES. CSMA/CD Algorithm Hubs Bridges Ether Switches Working of Ethernet switches. CSMA/CD Algorithm. CSMA/CD logic helps to prevent collisions and also defines how to act when a collision does occur. Working of CSMA/CD:

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ETHERNET DEVICES

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  1. ETHERNET DEVICES -BY MUJTABA FARAZ

  2. OBJECTIVES • CSMA/CD Algorithm • Hubs • Bridges • Ether Switches • Working of Ethernet switches

  3. CSMA/CD Algorithm • CSMA/CD logic helps to prevent collisions and also defines how to act when a collision does occur. • Working of CSMA/CD: • Step 1: A device with a frame to send listens until the Ethernet is not busy • Step 2: When the Ethernet is not busy the sender(s) begin sending the frame • Step 3: The sender(s) listen to make sure that no collision occurred • Step 4: If a collision occurs, the devices that had been sending a frame each send a jamming signal to ensure that all stations recognize the collision • Step 5: After the jamming is complete, each sender randomizes a timer and waits that long before trying to resend the collided frame • Step6: When each random timer expires, the process starts over with step 1

  4. Draw Backs of CSMA/CD: • It does not prevent collision rather it ensures that the Ethernet works well even though collision occurs • Only one device can send frame at any one instant of time • The logic of waiting to send a frame until a LAN is silent makes the Ethernet half duplex • Random timing after the jamming signal effects the speed of the Ethernet

  5. HUBS • Hubs are also known as repeaters with multiple physical ports • Hubs regenerates the electrical signal that comes in one port and sends the same signal out every other ports • Hubs has one Collision and broadcast domain • Draw Backs of Hub: • High collision rate • Overall Network Performance is low • Not efficient for big network

  6. Network Bridges • Bridges are intelligent devices • They have the ability to learn MAC addresses • Bridges divides the network into multiple collision domains • Draw backs: • Bridges are slow devices • Separate software is used learning the MAC address

  7. SWITCHES • Ethernet switches eliminates the collisions in the network • Each port of a switch is one collision domain • Communication in a switch is full duplex • High Speed Communication

  8. How Does Switch..Switches

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