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SNMP Programming

SNMP Programming. Yen-Cheng Chen. SNMP Agents. 127.0.0.1 (localhost) 10.32.6.3 (D-link Switch) 10.32.6.4 (Cisco Layer-3 Switch) 10.32.6.8 (Cisco AP) 10.32.2.30 (HP Printer). Community Name: nm2013. Project. MRTG 70~85 php SNMP 75~90 Java 80~90 Java + JFreeChart 85~95.

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SNMP Programming

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  1. SNMP Programming Yen-Cheng Chen

  2. SNMP Agents • 127.0.0.1 (localhost) • 10.32.6.3 (D-link Switch) • 10.32.6.4 (Cisco Layer-3 Switch) • 10.32.6.8 (Cisco AP) • 10.32.2.30 (HP Printer) Community Name: nm2013

  3. Project • MRTG • 70~85 • php SNMP • 75~90 • Java • 80~90 • Java + JFreeChart • 85~95 WebNMS SNMP API

  4. Outline • MRTG • Network Service Monitoring Using Sockets • WebNMS/AdventNet SNMP API • JFreeChart • Perl SNMP

  5. MRTG • Multi Router Traffic Grapher (Oeticker and Rand) • http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/ • Generates graphic presentation of traffic on Web • Daily view • Weekly view • Monthly view • Yearly view

  6. Installation (Windows) • Perl (ActivePerl) • http://www.activestate.com/ • http://www.activestate.com/activeperl/downloads • http://ycchen.im.ncnu.edu.tw/ActivePerl-5.16.3.1603-MSWin32-x86-296746.msi • MRTG • http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/ • http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/download.en.html • http://ycchen.im.ncnu.edu.tw/mrtg-2.17.4.zip • Path • C:\Perl\bin;… • Configuration file: mrtg.cfg • perl mrtg mrtg.cfg • http://oss.oetiker.ch/mrtg/doc/mrtg-reference.en.html

  7. Installation (cont.) • wperl c:\mrtg\bin\mrtg c:\mrtg\cfg\mrtg.cfg • cfgmaker • automatically generate a configuration file • perl cfgmaker community@host > mrtg.cfg • indexmaker • automatically generate an index web page • perl indexmaker mrtg.cfg > index.html

  8. mrtg.cfg RunAsDaemon: yes Language: big5 WorkDir: c:\Inetpub\wwwroot\mrtgdata Htmldir: c:\www\mrtg Imagedir: c:\www\mrtg\images Logdir: c:\mrtglogs IconDir: c:\www\mrtgicons Forks: 4 Refresh: 600 Interval: 10 WriteExpires: Yes NoMib2: Yes SingleRequest: Yes LoadMIBs: c:\mibs\mib2.mib,c:\mibs\ether.mib (sec) (分鐘) (sysName, sysUpTime) (Variable Binding List)

  9. mrtg.cfg (cont.) trunk2.html Target[trunk2]: 2:public@163.22.22.43: SetEnv[trunk2]: MRTG_INT_IP="“MRTG_INT_DESCR="FastEthernet0/1" MaxBytes[trunk2]: 12500000 Title[trunk2]: Traffic Analysis for 2 -- cnclab PageTop[trunk2]: <H1>Traffic Analysis for 2 -- cnclab</H1> <TABLE> <TR><TD>System:</TD><TD>cnclab in R409</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Maintainer:</TD><TD>mentor</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Description:</TD><TD>FastEthernet0/1 </TD></TR> <TR><TD>ifType:</TD><TD>ethernetCsmacd (6)</TD></TR> <TR><TD>ifName:</TD><TD>Fa0/1</TD></TR> <TR><TD>Max Speed:</TD><TD>12.5 MBytes/s</TD></TR> </TABLE> Options[trunk2]: growright, bits

  10. Target[xxx]: • port:community@router 2:public@163.22.22.43 -1:public@ezci-ether.ethz.ch • OID_1&OID_2:community@router 1.3.6.1.4.1.11.2.1&1.3.6.1.4.1.11.5.1:public@myrouter ifInErrors.1&ifOutErrors.1:public@myrouter • Multi Target Syntax 2:public@wellfleetA + 1:public@wellfleetA

  11. Intranet 2 R2 SNMP Agent R1 NMS Intranet 1

  12. External Monitoring Scripts • The external command must return 4 lines of output: • Line 1 current state of the first variable, normally 'incoming bytes count' • Line 2 current state of the second variable, normally 'outgoing bytes count' • Line 3 string (in any human readable format), telling the uptime of the target. • Line 4 string, telling the name of the target. Target[rr1]: `perl C:\perl\df2mrtg.pl var1 var2`

  13. Configuration Target[MyDisk]: `java -cp .;C:/SomeDir/commons-io-2.0.1.jar DiskSpace` MaxBytes[MyDisk]: 42154528 Title[MyDisk]: PC-YCChen's Disk Free Space PageTop[MyDisk]: <h1>PC-YCChen's Disk Free Space</h1> YLegend[MyDisk]: KBytes Options[MyDisk]: growright, gauge

  14. DiskSpace.java http://ycchen.im.ncnu.edu.tw/nm/DiskSpace.zip import java.io.IOException; import java.util.*; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import org.apache.commons.io.FileSystemUtils; public class DiskSpace { public static void main(String[] args) { Date now= new Date(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(); try { long freeDiskSpaceC = Math.round(FileSystemUtils.freeSpaceKb("C:")); long freeDiskSpaceD = Math.round(FileSystemUtils.freeSpaceKb("D:")); System.out.println(freeDiskSpaceC); System.out.println(freeDiskSpaceD); System.out.println(sdf.format(now)); System.out.println("PC-YCChen at R5041"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } javac -cp .;./commons-io-2.0.1.jar DiskSpace.java

  15. ifIndex problem • Interface by IP /1.2.3.4:public@wellfleet-fddi.ethz.ch • Interface by Description \My-If2:public@wellfleet-fddi.ethz.ch • Interface by Name #ifName1:public@wellfleet-fddi.ethz.ch • Interface by Ethernet Address !0-f-bb-05-71-22:public@ezci-ether.ethz.ch • Interface by Type %13:public@wellfleet-fddi.ethz.ch

  16. Options Options[trunck2]: growright, gauge, bits • growrights • The graph grows to the left by default. This option will make the graph grow to the right • gauge • For data type “gauge”. To monitor things like disk space, processor load, temperature • bits • absolute • for counter type data sources which reset their value when they are read. • Other useful options: • logscale, perminute, perhour, nopercent, dorelpercent, unknaszero, withzeroes

  17. Make MRTG run all the time Yen-Cheng Chen IM, NCNU Taiwan

  18. C:\perl\bin\wperl mrtg --logging=eventlog mrtg.cfg Add the option RunAsDaemon: yes to your mrtg.cfg

  19. 1 3 2

  20. 1 2

  21. Network Service Monitoring • Usually, we use ‘ping’ to detect whether a host is alive. • A host is alive, but its network service may be down. • Try to establish a TCP connection with the network service. • If the connection is established, the network service is still running. • Otherwise, the service is down.

  22. import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class PortMonitor { public static void main(String[] args) { String host = args[0] ; String ports[] = new String [args.length - 1]; for (int i=1; i<args.length; i++) ports[i-1] = args[i]; InetAddress address = null; try { address = InetAddress.getByName(host); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { System.err.println("Invaild Host Name:" + host); System.exit(1); } int port = 0 ; for (int i = 0; i < ports.length; i++) { port = Integer.parseInt(ports[i]); Socket s = null; try { s = new Socket(address,port); System.out.println("Port: "+port +" is Up."); } catch(IOException e) { System.out.println("Port: "+port +" is down."); } finally { if (s != null) { try { s.close(); } catch(IOException e) { System.err.println("Can’t close on port " + port);} } } } } } java PortMonitor host port1 port2 …

  23. AdventNet SNMP API Architecture

  24. SNMP High Level API

  25. Installation • JDK 1.2 and later including JDK 1.4 http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html • WebNMS/AdventNet SNMP API 4 http://www.webnms.com/snmp/80636898/WebNMS_SNMPAPI_StandardEdition.zip • Update Environment Variables • PATH • CLASSPATH • Javac SnmpExample1.java • Java SnmpExample1

  26. Environment Variables Setting 開始  控制台

  27. Path

  28. C:\j2sdk1.4.2_05\bin;

  29. CLASSPATH

  30. Old: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_08\lib\ext\QTJava.zip New: C:\Program Files\Java\j2re1.4.2_08\lib\ext\QTJava.zip;.; C:\AdventNet\SNMPAPI\jars\AdventNetLogging.jar; C:\AdventNet\SNMPAPI\jars\AdventNetSnmp.jar

  31. java SnmpGet host oid1 oid2 … Get import com.adventnet.snmp.beans.*; public class SnmpGet { public static void main(String args[]) { String remoteHost = args[0]; SnmpTarget target = new SnmpTarget(); target.setTargetHost(remoteHost); target.setCommunity("public"); String oids[] = new String [args.length - 1]; for (int i=1; i<args.length; i++) oids[i-1] = args[i]; target.setObjectIDList(oids); String result[] = target.snmpGetList(); for (int i=0;i<oids.length;i++) { System.out.println("OBJECT ID: "+target.getObjectID(i)); System.out.println("Response: "+result[i]); } System.exit(0); } } java SnmpGet 163.22.20.43 .1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1.0

  32. java SnmpGetNext host oid1 oid2 … GetNext import com.adventnet.snmp.beans.*; public class SnmpGetNext { public static void main(String args[]) { String remoteHost = args[0]; SnmpTarget target = new SnmpTarget(); target.setTargetHost(remoteHost); target.setCommunity("public"); String oids[] = new String [args.length - 1]; for (int i=1; i<args.length; i++) oids[i-1] = args[i]; target.setObjectIDList(oids); String result[] = target.snmpGetNextList(); for (int i=0;i<oids.length;i++) { System.out.println("OBJECT ID: "+target.getObjectID(i)); System.out.println("Response: "+result[i]); } System.exit(0); } }

  33. import com.adventnet.snmp.beans.*; public class snmpnetstat { public static void main(String args[]) { String remoteHost = args[0]; String community = args[1]; SnmpTable table = new SnmpTable(); table.setTargetHost(remoteHost); table.setCommunity(community); try { table.loadMibs("RFC1213-MIB"); table.setTableOID("tcpConnTable"); }catch (Exception ex) {} try { Thread.sleep(10000); } // allow some time to get all rows catch (InterruptedException ex) {} System.out.println("<table align=center border=5 width=80%><tr>"); for (int i=0;i<table.getColumnCount();i++) // print column names System.out.println("<th>"+table.getColumnName(i)+"</th>"); System.out.println("</tr>"); for (int i=0;i<table.getRowCount();i++) { System.out.println("<tr bgColor=lightyellow>"); for (int j=0;j<table.getColumnCount();j++) System.out.println("<td>" +table.getValueAt(i,j)+"</td>"); System.out.println("</tr>"); } System.out.println("</table>"); System.exit(0); } } Get a Table java snmpnetstat host community

  34. import com.adventnet.snmp.beans.*; public class SnmpSet { public static void main(String args[]) { String remoteHost = args[0]; String comm = args[1]; String mibs = args[2]; String OID = args[3]; String value = args[4]; SnmpTarget target = new SnmpTarget(); target.setTargetHost(remoteHost); target.setCommunity(comm); target.setObjectID(OID); try { target.loadMibs(mibs); } catch (Exception ex) { System.err.println("Error loading MIBs: "+ex); } try { String result = target.snmpSet(value); System.out.println("Response PDU from " +target.getTargetHost()); System.out.println("Community: " + target.getCommunity()); System.out.println("OBJECT ID: "+target.getObjectID()); System.out.println("Response: "+result); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("Set Error: "+e.getMessage()); } System.exit(0); } } Set java SnmpSet hostname comm mibs oid value

  35. public class trapd { public static void main(String args[]) { SnmpTrapReceiver receiver = new SnmpTrapReceiver(); receiver.setCommunity("communityName"); receiver.setPort(162); TrapListener listener = new TrapListener() { public void receivedTrap(TrapEvent trap) { String enterprise = trap.getEnterprise(); String agentAddr = trap.getAgentAddress(); int genericTrap = trap.getTrapType(); int specificTrap = trap.getSpecificType(); long trapTimestamp = trap.getUpTime(); // print the above trap PDU fields here SnmpPDU trapPDU = trap.getTrapPDU(); Vector varBinds = trapPDU.getVariableBindings(); int numVB = varBinds.size(); for (int i=0; i<numVB; i++) { SnmpVarBind vb = (SnmpVarBind) varBinds.elementAt(i); System.out.print(vb.getObjectID().toString()+": "); System.out.println(vb.getVariable().toString()); } } }; receiver.addTrapListener(listener); } } Trap Listener java trapd import com.adventnet.snmp.beans.*; import com.adventnet.snmp.snmp2.*; import java.util.*;

  36. Other Examples • snmpwalkv1.java • getTable.java • setIfAdmS.java • traPoller.java http://ycchen.im.ncnu.edu.tw/nm/java-ex.zip

  37. JFreeChart - http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/ Yen-Cheng Chen IM, NCNU Taiwan

  38. What is JFreeChart? • JFreeChart is a free Java class library for generating charts, including: * pie charts (2D and 3D); * bar charts (regular and stacked, with an optional 3D effect); * line and area charts; * scatter plots and bubble charts; * time series, high/low/open/close charts and candle stick charts; * combination charts; * Pareto charts; * Gantt charts; * wind plots, meter charts and symbol charts; * wafer map charts

  39. Useful WWW Resources • http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/ • Download • http://sourceforge.net/projects/jfreechart/files/1. JFreeChart/1.0.13/jfreechart-1.0.13.zip • Documentation • http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/jfreechart/2.%20Documentation/1.0.5/jfreechart-1.0.5-install.pdf • http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/api/gjdoc/index.html • Demo • http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/jfreechart-1.0.5-demo.jnlp • Demo Program Source • http://www.koders.com/default.aspx?s=JFreeChart&btn=Search&la=*&li=*

  40. Environment Variables • CLASSPATH • C:\Java\jdk1.5.0_06\lib\tools.jar • C:\jfreechart-1.0.1\lib\jfreechart1.0.1.jar • C:\jfreechart-1.0.1\lib\jcommon-1.0.0.jar • JAVA_HOME=C:\Java\jdk1.5.0_06 • JAVA_HOME_DIR=C:\Java\jdk1.5.0_06 • Path • C:\Java\jdk1.5.0_06\bin

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