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Gambling on Campus Is Risky Business

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Gambling on Campus Is Risky Business

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    1. Gambling on Campus Is Risky Business

    2. Campus Gambling is in the News Source: USA Today – December 23, 2005

    4. The Perfect Storm? Age: College years associated with a wide range of at-risk behaviors Availability: First generation to be exposed to wide-scale legal gambling. Technological advances make placing bets easier than ever. Acceptability: Operated by governments, commonly endorsed by schools, integrated into mainstream culture. Advertising/Media: More than ever. Promoted as sport, glamorized, winning bias. Access to cash: The average college student receives about 25 credit card solicitations per semester (National Public Radio).

    5. Gambling at College Percentage of college students who say they take part in gambling in an average week: Source: Annenberg Public Policy Center

    6. “At the college and university level, poker is pretty much the hottest thing going” Mike Edwards, Business Development Manager for absolutepoker.com 26% of college men gamble in online card games at least once a month and 4% once a week or more Internet gambling is illegal however there are at least 300 online poker rooms with an estimated $60 billion bet in 2006.

    7. Gambling appears common and benign for most college students Gambling at some level is the norm among college students 72% in Alberta sample 70% in Connecticut sample 88% in Minnesota sample A sizable percentage of college student gamble excessively and show signs of a gambling problem (3.2% - 16.4%).

    8. WHEN IT GETS TO BE TOO MUCH

    9. Definitions PROBLEM GAMBLING: Gambling behavior which causes or disruptions in any major area of life: psychological, physical, social or vocational PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING: Persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family or vocational pursuits

    10. Lifetime prevalence of combined problem and pathological gambling Source: Shaffer & Hall (2002). Updating and refining meta-analytic prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 169-172

    11. High Risk Groups Athletes Greeks & Other Correlates

    12. Gambling by college athletes Source: Rockey, Beason, & Gilbert (2002). Gambling by college athletes: An association between problem gambling and athletes. EJGS: 7 2002 study on 954 students from 9 universities belonging to Southeastern Conference. Results: Male athletes risk of developing PG is about 3X higher than average student.

    13. U OF MICHIGAN STUDY

    14. GREEKS VS. NON-GREEKS General gambling: Fraternity/Sorority Members 82% Non-Members 80% Rate of problem gambling: Fraternity/Sorority Members 5% Non-Members 2.9%

    15. Correlates of Problem Gambling Male weekly or daily user of alcohol or illicit drugs relatively high disposable income had been raised by a parent with a gambling problem NOT associated with problem gambling: amount of credit card debt GPA school class level 2 Minnesota universities that are located within a short distance from high-stakes gambling 2 Minnesota universities that are located within a short distance from high-stakes gambling

    16. TELLING THE DIFFERENCE Individual/Peer Emotional distress Peer Involvement Favorable Attitudes Early Initiation Constitutional factors Inability to delay gratification Aggressiveness/ competitiveness Sensation seeking Family Distress/low stability Family conflict Financial needs Lack of discipline School Community “Must-win” attitude Criminal exposure Lack of positive role models Individual/Peer Emotional distress Peer Involvement Favorable Attitudes Early Initiation Constitutional factors Inability to delay gratification Aggressiveness/ competitiveness Sensation seeking Family Distress/low stability Family conflict Financial needs Lack of discipline School Community “Must-win” attitude Criminal exposure Lack of positive role models

    17. Are we dealing with an epidemic? Longitudinal data What colleges and universities are doing to address issue

    18. Do college problem gamblers “mature out” of a gambling problem? 468 first year college students followed from age 18 to 29 (four data points at year 1,4,7, & 11) Overall prevalence of past-year problems remained steady throughout the 11 years (2-3%) with lifetime prevalence of 10.3%. 75% of freshman with PG reported no problem as seniors. Results suggest that gambling problems are not a persistent condition but rather people move in and out of problem gambling stages somewhat fluidly. Source: Slutske, Jackson, & Sher (2003). The natural history of problem gambling from age 18 to 29. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112, 263-274.

    19. How Do College Addiction Policies Stack Up? Source: Shaffer, Donato, LaBrie, Kidman, & LaPlante (2005). The epidemiology of college alcohol and gambling policies. Harm Reduction Journal 2005, 2:1 Methods: Information collected from 119 colleges using 40 item data collection instrument. Results: All schools had a student alcohol use policy, only 26 schools (22%) had a gambling policy. Conclusion: Since there are few college gambling-related policies, schools might be missing an opportunity to inform students about the dangers of excessive gambling.

    20. What Colleges Are Doing Statewide Efforts Oregon MA Others? Campus Specific Efforts ?

    21. What Colleges Can Do Assessment Partners Awareness Training Assistance Policy applies equally to 2- and 4-year institutions

    22. Assess the problem Preferred: student survey Alternative: diverse focus groups (athlete, greek, “average”, student council, class level, gender, ethnicity)

    23. survey your own, “survey monkey” type or from a vendor (may be best for confidentiality concerns) e-survey may be best for college age IRB issues sample questions: INSERT Caveat: wording of questions is important

    24. a few focus group questions How common is student gambling? How are students gambling? Are you seeing and problems or negative effects? What is the best way to get the attention of students for an issue like this? What information/services should the school provide”?

    25. Cultivate potential partners Academic departments: psychology, public health, athletics Student organizations/student gov’t Administrative departments: health and counseling services, financial aid, student affairs Local problem gambling treatment, prevention and recovery groups

    26. Build Awareness Can be low or no cost Involve students as much as possible Use a variety of means and keep the messages alive

    27. ideas Problem Gambling Awareness Week Campaign via fliers, posters, pamphlets Campus tv and radio shows Web-based info and resources Address in course assignments: ethics, psychology, sociology, government, health, film, journalism, business

    28. Example: Problem Gambling Awareness Week National campaign offering website, materials Many states and local jurisdictions participate and can be your partners www.pgaw.org

    30. Example: campaign Insert pic of russell herder flyer or campus newspaper ad

    31. Example: course work

    32. Example: website why is this one so extensive?

    33. Lehigh U. knows the problem is real Greg Hogan was: a 19-year-old finance and accounting major at Lehigh University president of his sophomore class a cellist in the university orchestra an employee in the school chaplain's office the son of a Baptist minister ….and a desperate problem gambling student who robbed a bank

    34. Offer Specialized Training Student health and counseling staff Peer educators Resident assistants Student leadership Faculty, admin, coaches Topics: signs, symptoms, referral and support

    35. Offer Intervention & Assistance Assessment and referral and followup support on campus Information on and connections to local gambling treatment resources including counseling, helpline National helpline Local (or campus?) Gambler’s Anonymous Online resources

    36. Develop Policy Address gambling as you would any other risky behavior (only 25% of colleges have a gambling policy) Avoid zero tolerance approach Internet is worth special attention Reference athletics’ existing policies

    37. Resources Oregon College Problem Gambling Awareness Program: 503-945-9703

    38. Free awareness resources 503-945-9703 Speakers Videos Handouts Posters and brochures

    39. Problem Gambling Help Line: Free and confidential; staffed by professional counselors Phone: 1 (877) MY LIMIT Online: 1877mylimit.org (chat, IM, email)

    40. Treatment in Oregon Continuum of Care Gambling Evaluation and Reduction Program (GEAR) Corrections Program 27 outpatient treatment centers 3 crisis-respite programs 1 residential treatment program

    42. Final advice Start somewhere! there are many pieces to an effort like this, and even one piece represents progress

    43. After you put the pieces in place, give yourself credit…let key supporters know you are taking a stand Parents Alumni Local media Other academic institutions

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