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Family Inequality

Family Inequality. Families transmitting inequality Class Inequality within families Gender Unequal access to families Race/ethnicity/nationality Families resisting inequality. Inequality within families. Gender division of labor Male authority Child gender bias Age hierarchy GENDER.

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Family Inequality

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  1. Family Inequality • Families transmitting inequality • Class • Inequality within families • Gender • Unequal access to families • Race/ethnicity/nationality • Families resisting inequality

  2. Inequality within families • Gender division of labor • Male authority • Child gender bias • Age hierarchy GENDER

  3. Unequal access to families • Economics and demography • Demography • Shortage of ‘marriageable’ Black men • Surplus of Chinese men • Health inequality • Infertility (e.g., work related) • Disability, AIDS orphans • Labor separations • Migrant workers, child laborers • Or, nannies for the rich Migrant worker in Thailand

  4. Unequal access to families • Legal and social restrictions • State policy • Gay marriage • Imprisonment • Population control • Social norms • Pierre Bourdieu • RACE/ETH/NATION • Or other cultural stigma

  5. Families resisting inequality • Family support systems • Social support • Married people live longer • Social networks • Job leads, shared care • Family forms • Household extension • Within limits • Can’t overcome structural inequality

  6. Families transmitting inequality

  7. Families transmitting inequality • Wealth and income • Skills and knowledge • Contacts and connections • Norms and behaviors

  8. Wealth and income

  9. Wealth and income • Inheritance • A few inherit significant wealth • Educational support • Tuition, prep courses, intervention • Health care • Transfers • Down payments, gifts

  10. Skills and knowledge

  11. Skills and knowledge • Kids learn what parents know • Specific skills, general knowledge • Some genetic inheritance of IQ • 2% of intergenerational correlation of income (Bowles, Gintes & Osborne 2005) • Gene * environment interaction • E.g., South Africa under apartheid

  12. Contacts and connections

  13. Education Parental status Child status Network resources Contacts and connections

  14. Norms and behaviors

  15. CONCERTED CULTIVATION Actively fostering skills

  16. Allowing children to grow ACCOMPLISHMENT OF NATURAL GROWTH

  17. Hanging out with kin and friends Many adult-led events

  18. Children encouraged to question adults Or not

  19. Powerlessness and frustration Institutional intervention

  20. Entitlement Constraint Rhythms of daily life

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