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Circulatory System

Discover the intricate details of the circulatory system, including the heart, lungs, blood cells, and vessels. Learn about red and white blood cells, platelets, plasma, and the structure and function of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Explore gas exchange in alveoli and the importance of blood pressure regulation.

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System By Allie Hale, Eileen Monagle and Caroline Kelly

  2. The Heart http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/Images/Human-Heart-Diagram-Picture.gif

  3. Lungs http://www.himho.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Lungs-1.gif

  4. Red Blood Cells • Erythrocytes; from stem cells in bone marrow 2,5 • Stem cells can divide to form other types of cells 5 • Biconcave disks5 • Binds to hemoglobin2,5 • No nucleus5 • 120 day lifespan5 • Dent = more surface area5 http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/images/red-blood-cells.jpg

  5. White Blood Cells • Leukocytes, from stem cells2 • Defense, patrol tissues5 • 5 types5: • neutrophils • eosinophils • basophils  • monocytes • lymphocytes http://seys-science.wikispaces.com/file/view/www.sciencehelpdesk.com%3Aimg%3Abg3_2%3AWhiteBloodCell_Bacteria.jpg/97294120/www.sciencehelpdesk.com%3Aimg%3Abg3_2%3AWhiteBloodCell_Bacteria.jpg

  6. Platelets • megakaryocytes → giant cells5, shed fragments wrapped in bits of plasma membrane called platelets (thrombocytes)2 • 5 to 9 day lives5 • hundreds of thousands circulating in the blood5 • release substances to clot blood2 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Giant_platelets.JPG/250px-Giant_platelets.JPG

  7. Plasma • straw colored liquid, transport medium for cellular part of blood and dissolved substances2,5 • 91%-92% water as solvent5 • 7%-8% plasma proteins5 • 1%-2% miscellaneous molecules5 http://www.beltina.org/pics/plasma.jpg

  8. Blood Vessels • Vascular or Vasculature means blood vessels • The three types of blood vessels are: • Arteries • Capillaries • veins Function: • Complex system of tubes • Carry blood to every part of the body. • “Drop off” nutrients and oxygen • "Pick up” waste • After exchange blood is returned to the heart

  9. Arteries • Function • Carry oxygen-rich blood to body4 • Structure • Appear red4 • Thick walls4 • Smooth muscle fibre1 • Thick and flexible walls1 • Grow smaller and smaller1 • Arterioles • Arteries in tiny branches that lead to capillaries4 • Function → To regulate blood flow and blood pressure by constricting and dialateing1

  10. Veins • Function • Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart4 • Transport blood BACK to the heart4 • Carry blood flowing at lower pressure then blood in arteries1 • Structure • Appear blue • Thinner walls than arteries4 • Three layers of tissue4 • Valves help aid the blood flow back to the heart → prevents blood from flowing in reverse direction1

  11. Capillaries • Function • Connect arteries to veins4 • Carry blood4 • Exchange and carry away waste1 • Supplied with blood from arterioles and venules1 • Structure • 1 Cell thick1 • Tiniest blood vessels1 • Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide pass through1 • Comparison to cell membrane1

  12. Endothelial cells • Line blood vessels with thin layer5 • Closely packed5 • Line entire circulatory system5 Alveoli • Tiny air sacs in lungs • Gas exchange occurs between alveoli and endothelial cells http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/moreabout/MoAbPics/JMcGendo.jpg http://oac.med.jhmi.edu/res_phys/Encyclopedia/Alveoli/AlveoliDrawing.GIF

  13. Diffusion Gas Exchange • Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide transported5 • Occurs at capillary beds5 • Velocity decrease allows for more time for exchange5 • Diffusion occurs5 http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/gasexch_2.gif http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1h29R82mVc

  14. What prevents gas from being exchanged at non-optimal places? • Capillaries are optimal place5 • Arteries are too thick5 • Contain smooth muscle and elastic tissue5 • Not thin enough for diffusion to occur5 • Capillary = just membrane and endothelium5 Artery Capillary http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Cardiovascular/artery.jpg http://www.biosbcc.net/doohan/sample/images/CO%20and%20MAP/bulk%20flow.jpg

  15. Blood Pressure • Blood pressure = fluid pressure imparted to blood by heart contractions5 • Blood rubs against vessel's inner wall - friction causes energy loss5 • Blood pressure is higher at beginning of vessel5 • Veins transport blood back to heart5 • Vein walls have smooth muscle which contracts5 • Moving limbs cause skeletal muscles to bulge against veins5 • Breathing alters pressure gradient5

  16. Bibliography 1. “Blood Vessels - Vascular System.” ivy-rose. N.p., 1 Oct. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://ivy-rose.co.uk/​HumanBody/​Blood/​Blood_Vessels.php>. 2. Dr. Dennis, O’Neil. “Blood Components.” Human Blood: An Introduction to its Components and Types. N.p., 19 Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://anthro.palomar.edu/​blood/​blood_components.htm>. 3. Heart Valve Surgery. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/​Images/​Human-Heart-Diagram-Picture.gif>. 4. “Intro to Blood Vessels.” Boston Scientific. Boston Scientific Corporation or its affiliates, 1 Jan. 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://www.bostonscientific.com/​templatedata/​imports/​HTML/​CRM/​heart/​vessel_intro.html>. 5. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. Ed. Kristin Milotich and Daniel Lombardino. Pacific Grove: Brooks/​Cole, 2001. Print.

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