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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. By Allie Hale, Eileen Monagle and Caroline Kelly. The Heart. http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/Images/Human-Heart-Diagram-Picture.gif. Lungs. http://www.himho.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Lungs-1.gif. Red Blood Cells. Erythrocytes; from stem cells in bone marrow 2,5

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System By Allie Hale, Eileen Monagle and Caroline Kelly

  2. The Heart http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/Images/Human-Heart-Diagram-Picture.gif

  3. Lungs http://www.himho.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Lungs-1.gif

  4. Red Blood Cells • Erythrocytes; from stem cells in bone marrow 2,5 • Stem cells can divide to form other types of cells 5 • Biconcave disks5 • Binds to hemoglobin2,5 • No nucleus5 • 120 day lifespan5 • Dent = more surface area5 http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/images/red-blood-cells.jpg

  5. White Blood Cells • Leukocytes, from stem cells2 • Defense, patrol tissues5 • 5 types5: • neutrophils • eosinophils • basophils  • monocytes • lymphocytes http://seys-science.wikispaces.com/file/view/www.sciencehelpdesk.com%3Aimg%3Abg3_2%3AWhiteBloodCell_Bacteria.jpg/97294120/www.sciencehelpdesk.com%3Aimg%3Abg3_2%3AWhiteBloodCell_Bacteria.jpg

  6. Platelets • megakaryocytes → giant cells5, shed fragments wrapped in bits of plasma membrane called platelets (thrombocytes)2 • 5 to 9 day lives5 • hundreds of thousands circulating in the blood5 • release substances to clot blood2 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Giant_platelets.JPG/250px-Giant_platelets.JPG

  7. Plasma • straw colored liquid, transport medium for cellular part of blood and dissolved substances2,5 • 91%-92% water as solvent5 • 7%-8% plasma proteins5 • 1%-2% miscellaneous molecules5 http://www.beltina.org/pics/plasma.jpg

  8. Blood Vessels • Vascular or Vasculature means blood vessels • The three types of blood vessels are: • Arteries • Capillaries • veins Function: • Complex system of tubes • Carry blood to every part of the body. • “Drop off” nutrients and oxygen • "Pick up” waste • After exchange blood is returned to the heart

  9. Arteries • Function • Carry oxygen-rich blood to body4 • Structure • Appear red4 • Thick walls4 • Smooth muscle fibre1 • Thick and flexible walls1 • Grow smaller and smaller1 • Arterioles • Arteries in tiny branches that lead to capillaries4 • Function → To regulate blood flow and blood pressure by constricting and dialateing1

  10. Veins • Function • Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart4 • Transport blood BACK to the heart4 • Carry blood flowing at lower pressure then blood in arteries1 • Structure • Appear blue • Thinner walls than arteries4 • Three layers of tissue4 • Valves help aid the blood flow back to the heart → prevents blood from flowing in reverse direction1

  11. Capillaries • Function • Connect arteries to veins4 • Carry blood4 • Exchange and carry away waste1 • Supplied with blood from arterioles and venules1 • Structure • 1 Cell thick1 • Tiniest blood vessels1 • Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide pass through1 • Comparison to cell membrane1

  12. Endothelial cells • Line blood vessels with thin layer5 • Closely packed5 • Line entire circulatory system5 Alveoli • Tiny air sacs in lungs • Gas exchange occurs between alveoli and endothelial cells http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/moreabout/MoAbPics/JMcGendo.jpg http://oac.med.jhmi.edu/res_phys/Encyclopedia/Alveoli/AlveoliDrawing.GIF

  13. Diffusion Gas Exchange • Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide transported5 • Occurs at capillary beds5 • Velocity decrease allows for more time for exchange5 • Diffusion occurs5 http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/gasexch_2.gif http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1h29R82mVc

  14. What prevents gas from being exchanged at non-optimal places? • Capillaries are optimal place5 • Arteries are too thick5 • Contain smooth muscle and elastic tissue5 • Not thin enough for diffusion to occur5 • Capillary = just membrane and endothelium5 Artery Capillary http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Medicine/Physiology/Cardiovascular/artery.jpg http://www.biosbcc.net/doohan/sample/images/CO%20and%20MAP/bulk%20flow.jpg

  15. Blood Pressure • Blood pressure = fluid pressure imparted to blood by heart contractions5 • Blood rubs against vessel's inner wall - friction causes energy loss5 • Blood pressure is higher at beginning of vessel5 • Veins transport blood back to heart5 • Vein walls have smooth muscle which contracts5 • Moving limbs cause skeletal muscles to bulge against veins5 • Breathing alters pressure gradient5

  16. Bibliography 1. “Blood Vessels - Vascular System.” ivy-rose. N.p., 1 Oct. 2011. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://ivy-rose.co.uk/​HumanBody/​Blood/​Blood_Vessels.php>. 2. Dr. Dennis, O’Neil. “Blood Components.” Human Blood: An Introduction to its Components and Types. N.p., 19 Aug. 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://anthro.palomar.edu/​blood/​blood_components.htm>. 3. Heart Valve Surgery. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.heart-valve-surgery.com/​Images/​Human-Heart-Diagram-Picture.gif>. 4. “Intro to Blood Vessels.” Boston Scientific. Boston Scientific Corporation or its affiliates, 1 Jan. 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2011. <http://www.bostonscientific.com/​templatedata/​imports/​HTML/​CRM/​heart/​vessel_intro.html>. 5. Starr, Cecie, and Ralph Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. Ed. Kristin Milotich and Daniel Lombardino. Pacific Grove: Brooks/​Cole, 2001. Print.

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