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Carbohydrates: Energy Source and Building Blocks

Learn about carbohydrates, the energy molecules essential for quick energy, storage, and structural functions in living organisms. Explore different types of sugars, starches, and cellulose, and the role they play in plant and animal life. Discover how enzymes and helpful bacteria aid in digesting complex carbohydrates like cellulose. Watch the video to delve deeper into the world of carbohydrates.

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Carbohydrates: Energy Source and Building Blocks

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  1. Lesson 7b: Carbohydrates Ose – sugar Fruct – fruit Mal - bad Mono – one Di – two Herb – plant Carn – flesh Vor - eat Carbs 17:33: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=3092FF69-912E-493B-97DA-66FEDDCF9DC6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

  2. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH Carbohydrates: Energy molecules

  3. sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar Carbohydrates • Building block molecules = sugars sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar

  4. sucrose Carbohydrates • Function: • quick energy • energy storage • structure • cell wall in plants • Examples • sugars • starches • cellulose (cell wall) glucoseC6H12O6 starch

  5. CH2OH O H H H OH H OH HO H OH glucose sucrose fructose C6H12O6 maltose Sugars = building blocks -ose • Names for sugars usually end in • glucose • fructose • sucrose • maltose

  6. Building carbohydrates • Synthesis disaccharide monosaccharides | Sucrose 2 sugars linked (table sugar) | Glucose 1 sugar | Fructose 1 sugar

  7. BIG carbohydrates • Polysaccharides • starch • energy storage in plants • potatoes • glycogen • energy storage in animals • in liver & muscles • cellulose • structure in plants • cell walls • chitin • structure in arthropods & fungi • exoskeleton

  8. enzyme enzyme Digesting starch vs. cellulose starcheasy todigest cellulosehard todigest

  9. Cellulose • Cell walls in plants • herbivores can digest cellulose well • most carnivores cannot digest cellulose • that’s why they eat meatto get their energy & nutrients • cellulose = roughage • stays undigested • keeps material moving in your intestines

  10. Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

  11. Helpful bacteria • How can cows digest cellulose so well? • BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals

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